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Symbols
A B C D
E F G H
I J K L
M N O P
Q R S T
U V W X
Y Z
- $STDIN
A system-defined file name that refers to the standard input
device used to initiate a session or job; usually a terminal keyboard,
card reader, or tape drive.
- $STDLIST
A system-defined file name indicating the standard job or session
listing file corresponding to the particular input device being used. The
listing device is usually a printer for batch jobs and a terminal for
sessions.
- abort
A procedure that terminates a program or session if an
irrecoverable error, mistake, or malfunction occurs.
- access
The process of obtaining data from files or acquiring the use of
a device. Access implies an input/output (I/O) operation, and is used as
a synonym for I/O.
- access port (AP)
The port located in the channel I/O (CIO) section
of the system card cage that provides a user support interface for
issuing hard and soft resets through software commands from the
console. It allows a remote console to be enabled and to switch
between console and session modes.
- account
A collection of users and groups. Each account has
a unique name on the system. It is the method used to organize a
system's users and files and to allocate use of system resources
such as central processor time, online connect time, and file space.
Accounts are the principal billing entity for the use of these resources.
Every user must specify an account to access the system.
- account level security
The types of file access assigned by the system
manager to the account when it is created. The types of access are
READ, LOCK, APPEND, WRITE, and EXECUTE, abbreviated R, L, A, W,
and X respectively. They may be assigned to any user (ANY), members
of the account only (AC), or members of the group only (GU). The
types of file access permitted are the first level of system security.
The account manager may further restrict groups and users within
an account by assigning them a limited set of file access modes.
- account librarian capability (AL capability)
A capability assigned by the account manager to
a user within the account. An account librarian is allowed special
file access modes to maintain specified files within the account.
- account manager capability (AM capability)
A capability assigned by the system manager to one
user within each account who is then responsible for establishing
users and groups.
- account member
A person who has been granted access to the system
through the use of a valid user name within an account. Account
members are created by the account manager, who defines the user
name and assigns the appropriate capabilities and security restrictions
for the user.
- account structure
The method of providing organization, security,
and billing for the system. It is used to allocate use of system
resources such as central processor time, online connect time, and
file space. The account is the principal billing entity for the
use of system resources.
- alpha character
A character in the range of A through Z (or a through z).
- alphanumeric character
A character in the range of A through Z, a through
z, or 0 through 9.
- alternate boot path
The path used for booting the system from a boot
tape.
- application
A set of computer instructions or programs that
guide the computer through a specific task or set of tasks. Examples
of applications include spreadsheets, word processing programs,
graphics, database management, and communications.
- application program
A set of computer instructions that guides the computer
through a specific set of tasks. Applications include spreadsheets,
word processing, graphics, database management, and data communication
programs.
- architecture
1) The unique set of machine instructions, registers,
and other components that provide the conceptual basis of a computer.
2) In networking, a structured modular network design in which different
data communications tasks are assigned to different layers or levels.
- attribute
File access codes and special capabilities that
enable the computer to determine what functions it will or will
not allow a user, group, or account to perform.
- autoboot
The process of automatically starting the system.
- automatic restart
Main memory battery backup to automatically restart
the system after a power failure. Temporary power line interruptions
can be tolerated with no data loss and without needing to restart
the system.
- backup
The process that duplicates computer data to offline
media, such as magnetic tape. Backups protect data if a system problem
should occur.
- batch access capability (BA Capability)
A default capability assigned to accounts and users
that allows users to submit batch jobs.
- battery backup unit
A box within the SPU that contains a battery to
supply power to main memory during a power failure.
- boot
The process of loading, initializing, and running
an operating system.
- boot path
The pointers to the set of files that are used to
bring up the system from disk or tape. The primary boot path is
used for booting the system from disk resident software. The alternate
boot path is used for booting the system from a boot tape. The console
boot path is used to determine if the system can autoboot without
operator intervention.
- boot tape
A tape created by backing up the system configuration
with the system generator (SYSGEN) utility program that is used
to reload the system configuration. Also referred to as a system
load tape. Equivalent to MPE V/E coldload tape.
- capability
A method for determining what commands account members
are allowed to execute. Capabilities are assigned to accounts, groups,
and users to provide system security and access to the operating
system. Account capabilities are assigned by the system manager
when the account is created. The account manager then assigns capabilities
to groups and users within the account.
- channel
A path within a data communications line through
which data flows.
- channel I/O (CIO)
Input/output instructions for a channel.
- channel I/O adapter
A device that provides the interface between the
central bus (CTB) and the channel I/O buses. Each channel I/O adapter
serves as a high performance channel multiplexer providing a full
direct memory access (DMA) for all HP-IB and LAN I/O channels and
synchronizing the differing speeds and bandwidths of the CTB and
channel I/O buses.
- channel I/O bus (CIB)
A device that provides a synchronous bi-directional
data path between the central bus (CTB) and I/O devices.
- channel number
The number assigned to the device controller board
in the I/O card cage. It is used to calculate the logical address
of the device, or device reference table (DRT) number.
- CIO adapter (CA)
The interface slot number containing the adapter
for the CIO Bus and central bus (CTB).
- CIO expander
The channel input and output expander that provides
eight additional peripheral card slots to the SPU.
- class
A user-defined collection of objects.
- class name
1) A label that is either unique to, or associated
with, one or more devices in the system's I/O configuration, used
to reference a particular device or class of devices. Device class
names may be up to eight alphanumeric characters long, beginning
with a letter. A single logical device can have multiple device
classnames. The HP 2680 laser printer, for example, is referred
to as EPOC (electrophotographic output for computers),
PP (page printer), or SLP (system line printer).
Directing output to any
of these class names sends the output to a laser printer. 2) An
abstract entity that can own objects in an HP SQL DBEnvironment.
3) A set of one or more SQL or ISQL commands in a file that can
be executed with the ISQL START command.
- command interpreter (CI)
A program that reads command lines entered at the standard
input device, interprets them, determines if they are valid, and
if so, executes them.
- communication link
The software and hardware that moves data from the
driver and card of one computer to the driver of an adjacent computer.
- compatibility
The ability of software developed for one computer
to work on another computer. See compatibility mode.
- compatibility mode (CM)
A method of providing object code compatibility
between MPE V/E-based systems and the 900 Series HP 3000 system.
Compatibility mode allows current Hewlett-Packard customers to move
applications and data to the 900 Series HP 3000 system without changes
or recompilation.
- configuration
1) The way in which computer and peripheral devices
are programmed to interact with each other. 2) The layout of the
computer system, including MPE table, memory, and buffer sizes.
The configuration tells which peripheral devices are connected to the
computer and how they can be accessed.
- connect time
The amount of time, in minutes, that a user, group,
or account has used the CPU for a session or job. It can be displayed
by executing the MPE REPORT command.
- console
A terminal given unique status by the operating
system. The operator uses the console to monitor and manage jobs,
sessions and resources, respond to requests, and communicate with
other user terminals. It is used to boot the system and receive
system loader error messages, system error messages, and system
status messages.
- console boot path
The path used to determine if the system can autoboot
without operator intervention.
- console command
A command that is executable only from the system console at the
= prompt (generated by pressing CTRL and the A key
at the console keyboard). Console commands cannot be entered by other
users because CTRL A has no meaning on a standard terminal.
The logical console, however, can be moved to a standard terminal.
- console logging
A system logging event. It records console commands
in the system log file.
- continuation character
An ampersand (&) character entered as the
last character of a command line. A continuation character tells
the command interpreter that the command is longer than one line
and is continuing onto a second or more subsequent lines.
- control-Y
A break function activated by simultaneously pressing the
CTRL key and the Y key on a terminal's keyboard. It is
typically a subsystem break and does not affect MPE commands. In
documentation this two-key sequence is shown as
CTRL Y.
- CPU time
The amount of time, in seconds, that a user, group,
or account has used the CPU. It can be displayed by executing the
MPE REPORT command.
- crash
1) The unexpected shutdown of a program or system.
If the operating system crashes, it is called a system crash, and
requires the system to be rebooted. 2) A head crash or disk crash.
This occurs when the read/write heads on a disk drive (that normally
ride on a thin cushion of air above the disk) make physical contact
with the disk surface, destroying data and the disk track. The extent
of damage to the system depends on which disk was involved and how
much of the disk was corrupted. A crash of the system disk is serious,
since it contains the directory of user files as well as operating
system programs, the I/O configuration, and the account structure.
- create volumes capability (CV Capability)
The ability to define and access non system domain disks with the
NEWSET command (private volumes with the NEWVSET
command for MPE V/E). Users and accounts assigned CV capability are
automatically given use volumes (UV) capability.
- cumulative backup
A backup strategy where a full backup is done once
a week and partial backups on all other work days.
- data communications
The transmission of information from one computer
or terminal to another. It is sometimes shortened to datacom.
- data communications and terminal subsystems
The methodology used to connect all asynchronous
devices to a 900 Series HP 3000, except for the system console.
- default
A predefined value or condition that is assumed,
and used by the operating system if no other value or condition
is specified.
- device adapter
A device that manages communications between the
computer and a peripheral device. It is the same as an I/O interface
card.
- device class
A collection of devices that have some user-defined
relation. The file system supports a means of maintaining collections
of devices but is cognizant of the relation only for certain device
class names.
- device file
A file associated with a non shareable device (a spool file).
Input and output spool files are identified by a number in the
DFID (device file identification) column of the SHOWIN
and SHOWOUT command displays. A device file can also refer
to any non-disk device, such as $STDIN and $STDLIST,
the default input and output device files for terminal.
- device independence
A characteristic of the operating system that allows users to
selectively redirect input or output from a program, session, or job
using the FILE command without regard to the nature of the
device. File equations created with the FILE command are in
effect only for the duration of the job or session in which they were
defined.
- device subtype
A number ranging from 0 to 15 that defines a specific
device and its associated software driver. There can be several
device subtypes within one basic type. For example, a graphics terminal
and one without graphics capabilities can share the same device
type, but are assigned different subtype numbers.
- device type
A number that defines a type of device. For example,
0 represents a moving-head disk and 16 is the device type number
assigned to line printers.
- diagnostician capability (DI Capability)
A capability usually assigned only to the Hewlett-Packard
customer engineer (CE). It allows the CE to conduct certain CPU
and diagnostic tests.
- directory
A system table showing the group or account in which
a file is located. A directory may contain other information such
as size of the file, its creation date, any modification dates,
file creator, or file security information.
- DISCFREE
A utility that supplies information about a system's
unused disk space, transient and permanent space, and the volume's
total space capacity. The information is supplied in either a histogram
or a condensed format. Equivalent to the MPE V/E FREE5 utility.
- disk
A circular plate of magnetically coated material
used to store computer data. A disk may be fixed, removable, hard,
or flexible.
- disk drive
A peripheral device that reads information from
and writes information to the disk.
- disk file
A file stored on disk.
- disk I/O
The electromechanical process of transferring the
code and data that are stored on disk to and from main memory.
- disk pack
A set of one or more disk platters stacked inside
a plastic cylindrical container.
- disk sector
A section of a disk's surface. A file is stored
in one or more sectors.
- distributed systems line (DS Line)
The communication line between two computers, controlled
by the distributed systems network.
- distributed systems network (DSN)
A system of hardware and software data communications
products spanning multiple Hewlett-Packard product lines.
- distributed terminal controller (DTC)
An intelligent controller with microprocessors to
handle workstation connection preprocessing and communications with
the system.
- DRT number
Device reference table number. The physical I/O
address of a device controller, displayed in the second column of
the I/O Configuration Table listed during the SYSDUMP dialog. An
MPE V/E index into the DRT.
- DUMP
A utility program that writes the current state
of the system's main memory and secondary storage to tape for analysis.
DUMP also, optionally, attempts a software reboot from disk.
- EXCLUSIVE access
A restriction limiting file access to one user at a time.
EXCLUSIVE access is particularly important during file updates,
when two or more people modifying the same record within a file,
at the same time, could destroy data consistency.
- execute
To carry out the instructions or to perform the
routine indicated by entering a command or program name.
- executing state
The state of a job or session when it is in progress. Other
possible states are INTRO, WAIT, EXEC*, and
SUSP.
- extent
A group of one or more contiguous sectors on a volume
used to allocate permanent disk space. Extents can be variable length;
any number of extents can exist for a given file.
- file
A group of related records that represents ASCII text (text files)
or binary data (such as executable code). Every file must have a file
name so the user can access the file's contents.
- file code
A four-digit integer that identifies the special function of a
file. Users can assign a file code between 0 and 1023 to a file they
create to classify it according to its purpose.
- file equation
A method of equating a file name to a device or another file. The
FILE command is used to establish the relationship
of the file to the device. Generally used to direct the input to
or output from a program, job, or session to a particular device
by referring to the device class, such as TAPE or LP.
- file identifier
A number associating a name with a file system object.
The file identifier is given to users to access objects via the
file system.
- file name
A string of up to eight alphanumeric characters,
the first of which must be an alphabetic character. The file name
is assigned when the file is created or first saved.
- file number
An integer value assigned by the FOPEN intrinsic that is
used to refer to a file in a user program. File numbers zero through
seven are reserved for the operating system.
- file space
The number of sectors of disk space that a user, group, or
account is using. It is determined by executing the REPORT
command.
- foreign disk
A non-system domain disk that MPE V/E does not recognize
as a private volume or serial disk. Foreign disks are non shareable
devices, and can be formatted either sequentially or for direct
record access. Foreign disks, such as private volumes and serial disks,
do not have entries in the system volume table.
- formal file designator
An alias file name that is used either programmatically
or in a file equation to refer to a file. The formal file designator
is not the file name found in the system file directory.
- free space map
A map of allocated and available disk sectors on
the volume set.
- fully qualified file name
A complete file description that includes the file
name, the group to which the file belongs, and the account to which
the group belongs. The fully qualified file name of the LETTER
file in the PUB group of the SYS account is expressed
as LETTER.PUB.SYS.
- function keys
Special keys on the terminal keyboard that are labelled
sequentially, F1, F2, F3, and so on, and that correspond to the
windows that appear at the bottom of the terminal screen. Function
keys perform various activities.
- Fundamental Operating Software (FOS)
The programs, utilities, and subsystems supplied
on the master installation tape (MIT) for MPE.
- group
Part of an account that is used to organize the
account's files. All files must be assigned to a group. Each group
must have a unique name within an account. Groups are the smallest
entity for which use of system resources is reported. A PUB
group is designated for each account when it is
created. Additional groups are created within the account, as needed,
by the account manager.
- group librarian capability (GL capability)
A capability assigned by the account manager to
a user within an account. A group librarian is allowed special file
access modes for the maintenance of certain files within the user's
home group.
- group-level security
The file access modes, and the types of users to
whom they are available, as specified by the account manager when
the group is created. File access modes assigned to a group are
limited to those types permitted to the account.
- hard reset
A method of resetting the computer or a terminal.
A hard reset erases all information in memory.
- hardware
All the physical components of the computer, including
the CPU cabinet, tape drives, disk drives, terminals, and other
peripherals.
- help facility
An online utility providing information on all commands.
Information can be accessed by topic areas and tasks.
- Hewlett-Packard Data-Link Control II (HP-DLC-II)
A standard that defines the elements and procedures
for a balanced, bit-oriented, Level II protocol of the Open Systems
Interconnection (OSI) model.
- Hewlett-Packard Graphics Language (HP-GL)
The graphics instruction set for Hewlett-Packard
film recorders and plotters.
- Hewlett-Packard Interface Bus (HP-IB)
A channel consisting of an HP-IB cable connected
to an HP-IB interface card that is connected to the system's backplane.
It performs protocol translation between the CPU and HP-IB. For
the 900 Series HP 3000 system up to six devices can be connected
to a single HP-IB channel. Disk drives, tape drives, and system
printers are connected via an HP-IB which is HP's implementation
of the IEEE standard 488-1975 interface.
- High Level Data-Link Control (HDLC)
Types of protocols that eliminate much of the handshaking
(and resultant time-consuming line turnarounds).
- histogram
A graphical representation of data.
- home directory
The default group, within an account, used as the
current working directory when none is specified at logon time.
- home group
The group to which a user is automatically logged on to if no
other group is specified with the HELLO or JOB command.
If no home group is assigned, the user must always specify a group when
logging on. The account manager assigns the home group when a user's name
is first defined.
- host computer
1) The primary or controlling computer in a multiple
computer installation. 2) In a network, the computer that primarily
provides services such as computation, database access, or special
programs or programming languages, to other users on the network.
- I/O bay
A cabinet containing the card cages and device controller
boards for peripherals connected to the HP 3000.
- I/O dependent code (IODC)
The portion of the operating system software that
contains I/O module dependent data and code used by Processor Dependent
Code (PDC) in configuring the I/O module and in booting the system.
- I/O path
The address of the interface hardware and the physical
path to reach a device. It is constructed top down from where the
device is physically attached to the system. The path is determined
by the CIO adapter module number, the device adapter (DA) slot number,
and the device address.
- implied run
The ability to run a program without explicitly using the
RUN command. In MPE/iX it is not necessary to specify
RUN FCOPY.PUB.SYS to invoke and run the FCOPY program. It is only
necessary to enter FCOPY.
- incremental backup
A backup strategy where a full backup is done once
a week and partial backups are done on every other work day.
- initial program load (IPL)
The initialization procedure that causes an operating
system to begin operation.
- initial system loader (ISL)
The software used to bring up MPE/iX or to perform
a memory dump to tape. It provides a user interface to obtain information
about or to alter the bootpath.
- input
1) The data to be processed. 2) The process of transferring
data from external storage to the computer.
- input priority
A number in the range of 1 (lowest priority) to
14 (highest priority) assigned to input jobs. The input priority
can be assigned by the system (default is 8) or by the user. Jobs
with a input priority less than or equal to the system outfence
(default 7) are deferred.
- input/output (I/O)
The process of, or equipment used in, transmitting
information to or from the computer.
- INSTALL
The MPE/iX initial system loader (ISL) utility that
performs a system load from tape and builds essential operating
system files and data structures on disk. Equivalent to the MPE
V/E RELOAD operation.
- interactive access capability (IA capability)
A capability assigned to accounts and users allowing
users to initiate sessions with the HELLO command.
- interactive session
A session that allows users to enter commands and
data at the terminal and receive an immediate response. Interactive
sessions are useful for data entry and retrieval, text editing,
or program development where direct dialog with the computer is
preferred.
- interactive user
A user who enters commands at a terminal.
- job
A method of submitting a single command to process
multiple operating system and utility commands. Once submitted,
the job executes independently of the user's session. Jobs are used
to compile source programs, modify files, or perform other functions
not requiring user interaction.
- job limit
A limit set to manage the number of jobs executing on the system.
The system manager or operator can restrict system usage by reducing the
number of jobs allowed to run. If the LIMIT command is used to
set the job limit to 0 (zero), no additional jobs can log onto
the system.
- keyword
A word assigned a specific meaning by the operating
system, a subsystem, a computer language, or a utility.
- keyword parameters
Words that have special meaning to the command interpreter
and are used to modify the intent or effect of an MPE command. Keyword
parameters, unlike positional parameters, may appear in any order
after a command has been entered on the command line. An entire
keyword parameter group, such as PASS=password, must be
separated from other keyword parameters by a semicolon (;).
- LAN 3000/XL LINK
The hardware and communications software needed to connect 900
Series HP 3000 machines to a network for system-to-system
communication.
- LAN cables
Cables used to connect the distributed terminal
controller (DTC) and the system.
- LDEV number
See logical device number.
- library
A file containing a set of procedures and variables
that can be accessed by programs.
- Local Area Network (LAN)
A computer network confined to a single location.
For example, connecting two or more computer systems within a single
office together creates a LAN.
- Local Area Network Interface Controller (LANIC)
A hardware card that fits into the backplane of
the HP 3000 system and provides a physical layer for IEEE 802.3
local area networks.
- local network
The network to which the local node belongs.
- local node
The system where you are physically located and
logged on, and at which you enter commands.
- locked state
The status of an output spoolfile when it is unavailable
for printing.
- lockword
A word used as a security device on files. A lockword
can be assigned to a file when it is created or renamed, and must
be supplied to regain access to the file. The word can be from one
to eight alphanumeric characters long and must begin with an alphabetic
character.
- log file
A file that maintains a record of events. Each event
is recorded in a separate log record, and is correlated with the
job or session causing the event.
- logging
1) The process of recording all system modifications
to a tape or disk file for the purpose of recovery or accountability.
If the system fails, the log file can be used to restore the system
to its state prior to the failure. 2) The process used by DBCore
to record the activity of a DBEnvironment to enable either rollback
or rollforward recovery if necessary.
- logging shutdown
A shutdown marking the end of the logging cycle.
In most cases, it is performed just prior to either system or database
backup.
- logical device (LDEV)
A disk file, a set of disk files, or a physical
device associated with a data stream between a host and a remote
system.
- logical device number
A number assigned to all hardware components of
a computer system and used for identification purposes.
- logoff
A method of terminating a session. To log off the
system, enter the BYE or EXIT command.
- logon
A method of initiating a session. To log on to MPE/iX,
enter the HELLO command and a valid user and account name, plus
a group name if necessary, and any required passwords.
- logon group
The group specified when logging on using the HELLO
command. The syntax is username.accountname, groupname.
Once the desired group is accessed, resident files can
be referred to without fully qualifying them.
- logon identity
A security device used to verify users to the system.
A logon identity includes a valid user name and account name in
the form user.account.
- logon prompt
A system prompt that indicates the computer is ready
to initiate a session.
- logon session
An identification device used when logging on. The
correct syntax is sessionname,username.accountname.
- master volume
The only volume needed to define a volume set. It
contains the configuration data, the root directory, a free space
map, file label table, and a volume label with a unique volume set
ID for the volume set.
- member volume
A volume containing a volume label indicating that
it belongs to a volume set. It may be used by one or more volume
classes.
- memory error logging
A facility that records all memory errors. It begins
automatically when the system is initialized.
- memory mapped I/O
A configuration in which each device or I/O interface
card is assigned a set of memory locations, or memory mapped I/O
registers.
- menu
A display on the terminal screen showing the options
available within a program. Many application programs use menus
to show the options a user can select.
- MPE/iX
Multi-Programming Executive with integrated POSIX.
The operating system for the 900 Series HP 3000 computers. MPE/iX
manages all system resources and coordinates the execution of all
programs running on the system.
- multiple RIN capability (MR capability)
A capability assigned to accounts and users allowing
a user multiple RINs (resource identification numbers) so they can
lock more than one resource or device at a time. MR capability is
usually restricted to only a few users, since simultaneous resource
locking can lock (or hang) the entire system.
- multiple RINs
The mechanism that allows an account, group, or user to lock more
than one resource at a time by specifying the multiple RIN (MR)
capability with the ALTACCT, ALTGROUP, or
ALTUSER commands.
- native mode (NM)
The native run-time environment of MPE/iX. In native
mode, source code has been compiled into the native instruction
set of the 900 Series HP 3000 system.
- network
A group of computer systems connected so that they
can exchange information and share resources.
- network administrator capability (NA capability)
A capability that allows a user to manage the data
communications subsystem at a specified location.
- network architecture
A structured, modular design for networks.
- network services (NS)
A group of software products that provide the user
interface to the network. They allow batch jobs submittals, file
transfers, virtual terminal access, and other services.
- node
One end of a communications link or a computer system
in a network. For example, if two HP 3000 computers are connected
via a DS line, each system is considered a node.
- node manager capability (NM capability)
A capability assigned to users allowing them to
control communications subsystems at their node.
- node name
A string of up to 31 characters, not including control
characters or spaces, that uniquely identifies a node on a local
area network (LAN).
- non-shareable device capability (ND capability)
A capability assigned to accounts and users allowing
account members to own non-shareable devices such as unspooled tape drives
and line printers, serial disks, private volumes (on MPE V/E), and
foreign disks.
- nonsystem volumes
Volumes that are member volumes of a volume set.
They do not need to be mounted for the operating system to run.
- operating system
The software that allows the computer to operate.
It consists of programs such as basic file and I/O manipulators.
All subsystems run upon the operating system.
- operator command
Commands executed only at the system console by
the system operator. Operator commands can be distributed to specific
users at the operator's discretion with the ALLOW,
ASSOCIATE, and JOBSECURITY commands.
- OPERATOR.SYS
The user and account that MPE automatically logs on to at the
console when the system is started. OPERATOR.SYS may or may not
be assigned special capabilities. Unlike the system supervisor (who is
assigned OP capability), or the system manager (who is assigned SM
capability), there is no mnemonic that entitles the operator to execute a
special subset of commands. The operator's power and responsibilities
derive solely from control of the system console and any capabilities
assigned to it by the account manager of the SYS account.
- optional parameter
A parameter that is not required when entering a
command or calling an intrinsic. In reference manuals, optional
parameters are surrounded by square brackets ([ ]).
- outfence
A number in the range of 1 (lowest priority) to
14 (highest priority), used to control access to the system printer.
If a job does not have an input priority higher than the system
outfence (default 7), it will not print.
- output
Data transferred from internal to secondary (external)
storage in a computer. Also, the process of transferring information
from the computer to a peripheral device.
- output priority
A number in the range of 1 (lowest priority) to
13 (highest priority) assigned to an output spool file either by
the system (a default value) or by a user. It is used to determine
the order in which files will be printed.
- parameter
A value in a list of values that is passed to a
procedure. The parameter is used in calculations or operations in
the procedure.
- path
The course within a computer that a message takes,
typically through software protocol handlers.
- peripheral
A hardware device attached to and controlled by
a computer, such as a terminal, tape drive, disk drive,
or printer.
- permanent file
A disk file with an entry in the system directory. To delete the
file, it must be erased from the system with the PURGE command
or with certain invocations of the FCLOSE intrinsic.
- permanent space
Disk space reserved for use by permanent structures
such as files, the label table, or the free space map.
- port
An outlet from the computer used to connect the
computer to peripheral devices. A cable runs between the outlet
and the device.
- positional parameters
One or more terms appearing in a specific order
on the command line that modify the intent or effect of the command.
If a positional parameter is omitted, the user must supply a comma
in its place.
- power down
To turn the system power off.
- power up
To turn the system power on.
- preventive maintenance (PM)
The regular housecleaning chores performed to keep
the system from suffering performance degradation and to prevent
problems from developing on the system.
- primary boot path
The path used to boot the system from disk-resident
software.
- priority request
The use of the optional parameter ;HIPRI in the
HELLO and JOB commands. This capability, granted to
system supervisors and system managers, allows a job to be dispatched or
a session to be initiated, overriding the current jobfence or
execution limit.
- private volumes
MPE V/E removable disk volumes that are not included in the
system I/O configuration table and, therefore, must be brought online
with an explicit LMOUNT command. To access a private volume, a
user's logon group and account must be assigned to a specific volume set
with the VS parameter of the ALTGROUP and
ALTACCT commands. Private volumes are nonsystem domain devices.
Equivalent to MPE/iX mountable or nonsystem volumes.
- privileged mode capability (PM capability)
A capability assigned to accounts, groups, or users allowing
unrestricted memory access, access to privileged CPU instructions,
and the ability to call privileged procedures.
- process
The unique execution of a program or procedure by
a particular user at a particular time. If several users execute
the same program, each is a separate process. Similarly, if the
same user runs several programs, each execution is also considered
a distinct process.
- process handling capability (PH capability)
A capability optionally assigned to accounts, groups,
and users allowing a currently executing process to create other processes.
PH capability also allows process suspension, interprocess communication,
and process deletion. Since the proliferation of processes results
in heavy system resource usage, PH capability is typically restricted
to only a few users.
- process identification number (PIN)
A number assigned to a process by MPE when the process
is created. It is used internally by MPE (in the process control
block (PCB) table) and during requests for system resources at the
console (when the operator responds to requests by referencing the
PIN in the REPLY command).
- processor dependent code (PDC)
An MPE/iX hardware routine to read and initialize the
I/O paths used for booting or rebooting the system.
- program
A sequence of instructions that tells the computer
how to perform a specific task.
- programmatic sessions capability (PS capability)
A capability allowing a user to execute the STARTSESS
command and to call the STARTSESS and ABORTSESS
intrinsics.
- prompt
The character(s) displayed at the terminal screen indicating that
the system is ready for a command. The default MPE command interpreter's
prompt is a colon (:). Other subsystems have different
prompts.
- PUB.SYS
The public group of the system account. PUB.SYS is the
group in which programs and applications available to all users of the
system reside.
- PUBgroup
A group created when an account is created whose
files are usually accessible to all users within the account.
- quiet mode
A session mode in which messages sent from other jobs or sessions
to a terminal are not displayed. Users control quiet mode with the
SETMSG command. To determine who is running quietly, execute the
SHOWJOB command. Those sessions not receiving messages are
indicated by the word QUIET in the third column of the listing.
A WARN message from the system console overrides quiet mode, and
should be used for all critical communication, such as informing the user
of an impending system shutdown.
- remote access
Communication with a computer from a physically
separate location.
- remote mode
A mode in which a terminal transmits and receives
data from a remote (or host) computer.
- remote node
A node that is not physically located where you
are and which you communicate with via data communication.
- remote session
A session initiated from an area physically separated
from the computer.
- remote system
A computer system physically separated from other
computer systems.
- remote system console
A terminal which provides remote access to the SPU
as a system console or terminal session.
- remote terminal
A terminal that is indirectly connected to the computer,
using a modem and telephone hook up.
- required parameter
A parameter that is required when entering a command
or calling an intrinsic. In reference manuals, required parameters
are surrounded by braces ({}).
- resource
Any device or item used by a computer, for example
I/O devices, disk files, or programs.
- resource identification number (RIN)
A number identifying a user-defined resource. Users
are normally allowed to lock only a single RIN, which means they
can have exclusive access to one resource at a time, such as an
I/O device, a file, or a program.
- resource sharing
The most significant feature of a network. With
resource sharing, elements at each node are accessible from other
nodes in the network. These elements may include disk files, printers,
magnetic tapes, terminals, and other programs.
- response center support (RCS)
An HP support agreement coverage that provides telephone
assistance with software usage and problems.
- restore
The process of retrieving user files from SYSGEN
(MPE/iX), SYSDUMP (MPE V/E), and STORE tapes or from
serial disk and writing them to disk. Restoring is executed with the
RESTORE command.
- restricting data
A way of limiting access to data by grouping data
into volumes, volume classes, and volume sets.
- run
To execute a program.
- run time
The environment in which a process is running or
executing.
- save files capability (SF capability)
The capability allowing users to save the files they create.
It is assigned by default to accounts and users.
- search path
A mechanism that controls which file is opened once
a command is determined not to be a UDC nor an MPE command.
- sector
A portion of a track on a disk, and the smallest
addressable piece of the disk. MPE-formatted disks use 128-word
sectors (256 bytes).
- security
1) The provisions that prevent unauthorized users
from entering the system, accessing data, or using resources, programs,
or capabilities. 2) The provisions included in MPE to protect the
system from unauthorized use. MPE offers several methods of creating a
secure environment. The most basic level of security includes organizing
files into groups and users into accounts, either of which may be
assigned a password. Security also refers to the ability to read,
write, append, lock, and execute files, optionally assigned to accounts by
the system manager and to groups and users by the account manager.
- segmented library (SL)
A file structure containing code segments that are
shareable, general-use MPE, utility, and subsystem procedures not
unique to a particular process. The three levels of SLs are group
library SL, available to any user who can access the group; the
public library SL, accessible to account users; and the system library
SL, used by all system users.
- session
A mode in which the HP 3000 system is used interactively
by entering commands and data through a terminal's keyboard and
receiving immediate responses to input. A session is initiated with
the HELLO command and is ended with the BYE command,
or a second HELLO command that logs the user off the first
session and onto another session.
- single-user mode
A DBEnvironment startup mode that allows only one
DBE session to be active at a time.
- single-user state
A condition of the MPE/iX operating system in which
the system console provides the only communication mechanism between
the system and its user.
- single-user system
A system that can communicate with only one fixed
terminal.
- soft reset
A reset that initializes a variety of terminal functions
but does not reset the memory.
- software
A set of programs, instructions, rules, and procedures
concerned with the operation of a computer.
- spool queue
Disk space where spool files are kept.
- spooling
An activity that permits the concurrent use of output
devices and batch job input. (SPOOL is an acronym for simultaneous
peripheral operations online.) If multiple users send output to
a nonshareable device, such as a tape drive or line printer, their output
is directed to spool files on disk. The output is printed on a priority
basis as the printer becomes available and the users can proceed
with other processing activities without waiting for the printer.
Multiple batch jobs can also be submitted concurrently. The jobs
are spooled to disk and executed according to the priority level
specified by its submitter with the JOB command.
- START
An initial system loader (ISL) utility and its options
that is used to start the system from disk and to build the system
data structures. This utility is used to recover from a hang or
failure or to reboot the system after scheduled downtime. The
START RECOVERY option is equivalent to the MPE V/E WARMSTART
procedure, and the START NORECOVERY option is equivalent to the
MPE V/E COOLSTART procedure.
- storage device
A device (such as a disk pack, a disk cartridge,
a flexible disk, magnetic tape, or cartridge tape) onto which data
can be stored and subsequently retrieved.
- STORE
1) The process of saving HP 3000 files to tape or serial disk.
Storing is executed by using the STORE command.
2) A machine instruction that tells the CPU to take information from a
register and put it in memory.
- stream
To run batch jobs or data from a session or a job by using the
MPE STREAM command. Once a job is streamed, it will execute
as a separate process without requiring any further user input or
supervision.
- subsystem
A software program that performs a specific function,
such as compiling programs, copying files, or editing text. Subsystems
are executed by entering a single command at the colon prompt. At
that point a different prompt is displayed, and a set of commands
specific to the subsystem become available to the user. The user
must explicitly exit the subsystem, usually by entering E or
EXIT.
- SYS account
A special account on the HP 3000 system, included
with the system when it is first installed. It contains all MPE
files (stored in the segmented library), supported subsystems, utility
programs, and compilers.
- system
A group of one or more CPUs that communicate through
buses without the use of data communications software.
- system abort
An orderly system failure. MPE trys to clean up
by closing files and flushing buffers when possible.
- system configuration
The process of tailoring the operating system to
accommodate the current physical layout and workload of a particular
installation. The configuration is typically modified when new terminals,
another line printer, or a disk drive are added. The system also
can be reconfigured to assign new class names to existing devices,
change the size of system tables or virtual memory, modify system
logging, or alter any other configuration parameter.
- system console
1) A workstation given a unique status by the operating
system. It is used by the operator to execute specific commands
for the purpose of managing sessions, jobs, and system resources.
It is associated with all boot or system loader error messages, system
error messages, and certain system status messages. 2) The terminal,
usually logical device 20, that the system operator uses to monitor
system activity, respond to resource requests, and send messages
to user's terminals. The console (and its associated privileges
and responsibilities) may be transferred to another logical device
with the CONSOLE command.
- system control panel
A panel on the computer, containing control switches
and status indicator lights.
- system disk
The disk volume mounted as logical device 1. It
contains MPE, I/O configuration information, the account structure
and file directory, and utilities and subsystems. It also contains
an area reserved for virtual memory and can be used to store user
files.
- system domain
An MPE V/E configuration for disk drives. System
domain disks contain only shareable files, and remain online until
the system is shut down. Because information about all system domain
disks is entered into the system volume table, a system domain disk
can be taken offline only by altering the I/O configuration during
the SYSDUMP dialog and coldloading the new configuration. Equivalent
to MPE/iX system volume.
- system failure
An internally detected error from which recovery
is not possible. Rather than continue to operate, risking data integrity,
the operating system halts the computer.
- system file directory
A directory maintained by MPE that records the name,
group, and account of each permanent file on the system. The directory
contains the size of each file, its location on the disk, who may
access it, and other information.
- system generator (SYSGEN)
The MPE/iX utility used to create or modify system
and I/O configurations; add, remove, and replace program files and
boot files; replace system libraries; generate a full system backup;
and create a boot tape to bring up an MPE/iX system with the new
configuration. Equivalent to MPE V/E SYSDUMP and
INITIAL utilities.
- system halt
The condition following a system shutdown or system
failure, indicated by no response at the system console or to any
user command.
- system load tape
A tape that contains the system load utilities,
base system files, and user files. It is generated with the
SYSGEN utility. Equivalent to the MPE V/E coldload tape.
- system logging
The facility that records details of system resource
requests in a series of log files on disk. The system manager or
operator can select which system events to record such as job or
session initiation or termination, program termination, file closing,
file spooling completion, and system shutdown. I/O device failures
are recorded in the system log and are used to detect problems before
they interfere with overall system operation.
- system manager
The person who manages the computer installation,
is responsible for creating accounts, and assigns capabilities and
resource limits.
- system manager capability (SM capability)
A capability assigned to the user name and account to which the
person designated as system manager logs on. The system manager
is responsible for the structure, security, and overall operation
of the system by establishing accounts and assigning capabilities
and resource-use limits to each. The system manager assigns account
manager and system supervisor capabilities to specific users.
- system processor unit (SPU)
The box in which all the processor boards and cards reside.
- system startup
A method of loading the MPE operating system from
either disk or tape by bringing a subset of the MPE initiator program
into memory.
- system supervisor capability (OP capability)
A capability assigned by the system manager to the
system supervisor's user name and account. The system supervisor
is responsible for performing backups, altering the system configuration,
and in general, tuning the computer so that it continues to perform
well and meet the needs of users.
- system volume
An MPE/iX system volume set. It contains a bootable
system image and system configuration on its master volume. It is
the only volume needed to load and start the system. It is always
mounted and named MPEXL_SYSTEM_VOLUME_SET.
- system-defined files
The files defined by MPE and made available to all
users to indicate standard input or output devices, special temporary
files, and files opened for output that do not perform an actual
write operation.
- temporary file
A file that exists only for the duration of a session
or job.
- terminal
A hardware device connected to a computer and used
for entering and receiving data. A terminal consists of a keyboard
and a display screen.
- terminal type
Hewlett-Packard's classification for terminal models
and their capabilities.
- throughput
A measurement of a computer system's speed and
productivity.
- transaction
A logical unit of work.
- transaction logging
A method of tracking each unit of work to facilitate
recovery from the abnormal end of transaction processing and system
failures. A transaction log file is automatically generated and
maintained by the transaction management facility. Files can be
restored to a consistent state by copying the contents of the log
file into the data file.
- transient space
Disk space used for temporary processes such as
stacks and operating system data structures.
- unit number
A part of an address used for devices. A number
whose meaning is software-dependent and device-dependent, but which
is often used to specify a particular disk drive in a device with
a multidrive controller.
- UPDATE
1) The MPE/iX ISL utility that performs a system load
from tape. It replaces the current base system files on disk, and
optionally replaces configuration files. The ISL UPDATE CONFIG
option is equivalent to the MPE V/E COLDSTART procedure, and the
UPDATE NOCONFIG option is equivalent to the MPE V/E
UPDATE operation.
2) An MPE V/E coldload option that loads all files in the PUB
group of the SYS account from the backup media. I/O configuration
data, the directory, and user files are loaded from the system disk.
UPDATE is typically used to install a new version of system
software or to load MPE from another computer. Equivalent to the MPE/iX
ISL UPDATE utility UPDATE NOCONFIG option.
- use communications subsystems capability (CS capability)
A capability assigned to accounts and users allowing
access to the MPE communications subsystems.
- use volumes capability (UV capability)
A capability assigned at the account and user level
allowing users to access private disk volumes.
- user command
A set of MPE/iX commands that a user has grouped
together to perform a specific task. A user command is stored in
a command file and does not have to be entered into a catalog. User
commands are last in MPE's search path for commands.
- user level security
The file access modes permitted the user. User level
security must duplicate, or be a subset of, the file access permitted
the user's account and group.
- user logging
A facility that enables users and subsystems to
record additions and modifications to files. If necessary, user
logging also provides the means whereby recorded entries can be
used to recover the files themselves.
- utility program
An operating system program that performs specific
functions such as file copying, sorting, merging, memory dump analysis,
or monitoring available disk space.
- variable
A value that can be changed, as opposed to a constant,
usually represented by a letter or a group of alphanumeric characters.
- volume
A single disk pack. Each volume is a member of a
volume set and contains a volume label, a label table, and a free
space map.
- volume class
A class used for the allocation and restriction
of disk space. A volume class is a logical subset or partition within
a volume set and can bridge any number of physical member volumes
of a volume set.
- volume name
The name given to a volume set or volume class with
the NEWSET command. The name can be assigned only by a user
with CV (create volume) capability, usually the system manager or
account manager. The volume name is an ASCII character string of
up to eight alphanumeric characters, beginning with an alphabetic
character.
- volume number
The part of an address used for a device number
whose meaning is software and device dependent, but is often used
to specify a particular volume on a multivolume disk drive.
- volume set
A group of up to 255 related disk packs. One volume
of the volume set must be designated as the master volume for the
set. Each volume set is assigned a name by which it is identified
and referenced. MPE/iX recognizes both system volume sets and nonsystem,
or mountable, volume sets.
- volume set information table (VSIT)
A part of a master volume of a volume set containing
the volume set configuration data.
- volume testing
The verification that the system continues to operate
when loaded to each limit, the determination of what occurs when
those limits are exceeded, and the determination of what occurs
when the system is emptied after being in a full state.
- VOLUTIL
The MPE/iX utility that provides volume initialization
and maintenance, volume label and membership inquiries, and volume
space and sector status. Equivalent to the MPE V/E VINIT
subsystem.
- welcome message
A file containing a greeting and important system
information. It is created by the system operator and displayed
each time a user logs onto the system.
- work file
A temporary file created when a text editor is invoked.
A work file is a copy (in memory) of a permanent disk file. Any
changes to the work file are lost unless the user saves the updated
version of the file.
- write
To put information in a certain place.
- write-enable
To remove a disk's write-protection, allowing the
disk to be written upon.
- write-protect
To protect stored data so that it cannot be overwritten.
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