HP 3000 Manuals HP 3000 Manuals
DISPLAY
Produces a display of values from the data register.
Syntax
DISPLAY[([ [TABLE],[FILE=mpe-file] ])][display-list] ...;
DISPLAY generates a display from values in the data register. The
display can be formatted and enhanced by character strings specified in
the display-list. If you do not specify a format, the display can be
formatted by any active FORMAT verb.
Statement Parts
none or TABLE Transact generates a display according to the
without specifications of an active FORMAT statement. If
display-list there is none, the following default formatting
occurs:
* Values are displayed in the order in which
they appear in the data register.
* A heading consisting of one of the following
is displayed before each line:
* the heading specified by the HEAD= option in a
DEFINE(ITEM) statement,
* the heading taken from the dictionary, or
* the associated data item name in the list
register.
* Each value is displayed in a field whose
length is the greater of the data item size or
the heading length.
* A single blank character separates each value
field. If a field cannot fit on the current
display line, then the field begins on a new
line.
TABLE with Headings are displayed only at the top of each new
display-list page in the information display.
mpe-file The name of an MPE file that will receive the output
from the DISPLAY statement.
display-list The display list contains one or more display fields
and their formatting parameters, as shown in the
following format:
[display-field][,format-parameter]...
[:display-field[,format-parameter]...]...;
Several fields can be displayed. The fields and
their formatting parameters are separated by commas;
the field/format-parameter combinations are separated
from each other by colons. If you omit display-list,
the display is formatted as described under "none"
and "TABLE".
display-field The following options can be used
for display fields:
* A reference to a data item
name in the list register
(the data item name can be
subscripted if the item
referenced is an array
item).
* A child item name whose
parent item is in the list
register.
* A character string
delimited by quotation
marks.
* If no display field is
specified, Transact
defaults to a NULL (" ")
character string.
If the requested item cannot be
found in the list register, then
Transact generates an error at
execution time.
Five system variables can also be
used as display fields. As
noted, some are affected by
native language support. (See
Appendix E, "Native Language
Support," for more information.)
$CPU Displays the
cumulative
amount of CPU
time used by
the Transact
program, in
milliseconds.
$DATELINE Displays the
current date
and time in
the form Tue,
Apr 14, 1992,
3:07 P.M. The
format is
affected by
native
language
support.
$PAGE Displays the
current page
number.
$TIME Displays the
current time;
the default
format is
HH:MM AA (for
example,
03:07 PM).
The format is
affected by
native
language
support.
$TODAY Displays the
current date;
the default
format is
MM/DD/YY (for
example,
04/14/92).
The format is
affected by
native
language
support.
____________________________________________________
NOTE Text can be displayed only in columns 1 through
79. Column 80 is reserved for the carriage
control character.
____________________________________________________
format-parameters One or more of the following formatting parameters
can follow the display field name:
CCTL=number Issues a carriage control code of
number (decimal representation)
for the display line containing
the associated display field.
Carriage control codes are found
in the MPE Intrinsics Manual.
Note that the use of CCTL=number
and LINE, NOCRLF, or ROW, may
affect output due to conflicting
values. [REV BEG]Valid range is
30-1025.[REV END]
CENTER Centers a display field on a
line. The entire field,
including leading or trailing
blanks, is centered.
COL=number Starts the display field in the
absolute column position
specified by number. The first
column position is 1. [REV
BEG]Maximum is 299.[REV END]
If the display is already at a
column position equal to or
greater than the line width of
the display device, the field is
truncated if:
* it is a character field,
or
* pound signs are displayed
for a numeric field.
If no part of the field fits, it
is not displayed.
EDIT="edit-string" Characters that designate edit
masks. The following characters
have special meanings when used
in the edit-string for all
display-fields except system
variables $TIME and $TODAY:
^ Inserts the character
from the source data
field into this position
in the display field.
Z Suppresses leading zeros.
Note that you must use an
uppercase Z.
$ Adds business (single
character) currency
symbol. If the
language-defined currency
symbol precedes, then the
symbol is floated. If
the symbol succeeds, then
it follows the last
character of the number
and the edit mask is
shifted left one
character to leave room.
If the symbol imbeds, it
replaces the radix
(decimal point or
equivalent). If no
business currency symbol
is defined for the
current language, then
"$" edit characters are
treated the same as
"other" edit characters,
explained below.
________________________
NOTE In Transact/iX
native language
mode, the pound
sterling currency
sign ( sterling )
does not float the
way the dollar sign
($) does in a
displayed field
with the edit mask.
To get the pound
sign to float,
change your
terminal
configuration to
KEYBOARD=UK. When
you specify the
edit mask, use the
dollar sign in
place of the pound
sign. The pound
sign will then be
displayed.
________________________
________________________
NOTE The number of
digits available
for the source
number depends on
the type of
currency symbol.
Thus, the same
value might cause a
field overflow in
some languages and
not in others.
________________________
* Fills field with
asterisks.
. Aligns the implied
decimal point as
specified in the
dictionary or in a
DEFINE(ITEM) definition
statement with this edit
character in the edit
mask and outputs the
language-defined radix
character.
! Ignores the implied
decimal place and
replaces this character
with a language defined
radix character.
, Outputs the
language-defined
thousands separator
character (numeric only).
( Surrounds negative values
with parentheses (must be
last character in edit
mask).
All "other" characters, which
mean any character not defined
above in the list of special
characters, are treated as insert
characters. For example:
EDIT="@@@@@@.@@"
displays entered data as:
@@@@@@.@@
To denote numeric data type 9, Z,
P, I, J, K, R, or E negative
values with a trailing "-", "CR",
or "DR", add a trailing "-",
"CR", or "DR" to the edit string.
Some edit-string examples follow:
Number Edit String Result
1234 $$,$$$!^^ $l2.34
123456 $$,$$$!^^ $1,234.56
123456 ***,**$!^^ *$1,234.56
000009 ZZZZ!^^ .09
475.49 XXX,XXX.XX XXX,XXX.XX
-123456 $$,$$$!^^CR $1,234.56CR
-123456 Z,ZZZ!^^- $1,234.56-
230485 ^^/^^/^^ 23/04/85
System variables (except
$DATELINE) can also be edited.
The edit mask characters just
defined can be used for $CPU and
$PAGE. Special editing characters
are used for $TIME and $TODAY.
For $TIME, characters in the
edit-mask string are processed as
follows:
H Displays the hour with no
leading blank or zero if
hour < 10.
ZH Displays the hour with
leading blank if hours <
10.
HH Displays the hour with
leading zero if hours <
10.
24 Displays the hour as
expressed on a 24-hours
clock; used as a prefix
to H.
M Displays the minute with
no leading blank or zero
if minute < 10.
ZM Displays the minute with
leading blank if minute <
10.
MM Displays the minute with
leading zero if minute <
10.
S Displays the second with
no leading blank or zero
if second < 10.
ZS Displays the second with
leading blank if second <
10.
SS Displays the second with
leading zero if second <
10.
T Displays the tenth of a
second.
A Displays the next letter
in the AM or PM sequence
in uppercase.
a Displays the next letter
in the AM or PM sequence
in lowercase.
AA Displays both letters in
the AM or PM sequence in
uppercase.
aa Displays both letters in
the AM or PM sequence in
lowercase.
Except for "a", all other $TIME
edit mask characters must be in
uppercase. All characters other
than edit mask characters are
inserted on a character by
character basis.
Here are some examples of how
edit masks change the format of
the $TIME value 3:07:32 PM:
Edit Mask Displayed Time
HH:MM:SS 03:07:32
24H:M:S 15:7:32
H:MM:SS a.a. 3:07:32 p.m.
ZH:ZM:SS AA 3: 7:32 PM
For $TODAY, characters in the
edit mask string are processed as
follows:
D Displays the day of the
month with no leading
blank or zero if day <
10.
ZD Displays the day of the
month with leading blank
if day < 10.
DD Displays the day of the
month with leading zero
if day of the month < 10.
DDD Displays the Julian day
of year.
M Displays the month with
no leading blank or zero
if month < 10.
ZM Displays the month with
leading blank if month <
10.
MM Displays the month with
leading zero if month <
10.
nM Displays the first n
letters of month name in
uppercase; if n > number
of letters in month name,
trailing blanks are not
inserted.
nm Displays the first n
letters of month name in
lowercase except for the
first letter, which
appears in uppercase.
YY Displays the last two
digits in current year.
YYYY Displays the current
year.
nW Displays the first n
letters of day of week in
uppercase; if n > length
of the week name, no
trailing blanks are
inserted.
nw Displays the first n
letters of day of week in
lowercase except for the
first letter, which
appears in uppercase.
All edit string characters must
be in uppercase, except for "m"
and "w". All characters not
defined as an edit string
character are inserted on a
character by character basis.
Various edit masks applied to the
$TODAY date April 14, 1992, make
it appear as follows:
Edit Mask Displayed Date
3w. 3m DD, YYYY Tue. Apr 14, 1992
DD 3M, YY 14 APR, 92
M-DD-YY 4-14-92
MM/DD/YY 04/14/92
DDD, YYYY 105, 1992
________________________________
NOTE When a numeric value to be
printed is too large for
the edit mask, a series of
pound signs (#) are printed
in place of the value, to
indicate an overflow.
________________________________
HEAD="character- Uses the character-string rather
string" than the default, which is the
heading from the dictionary, the
heading from DEFINE(ITEM), or the
item or system variable name.
JOIN[=number] Places this number of spaces
between the last non-blank
character of the current line and
the first character of the
current display field. To
concatenate the character
strings, use JOIN=0. The default
is 1;[REV BEG] valid range is
0-299.[REV END]
LEFT Left-justifies the data item
value in the display field. This
is the default specification.
LINE[=number] Starts the next display field on
a new line or on a line after a
line skip count specified by
number. If the print device
being used can overprint and you
want it to do so, you should
specify LINE=0. [REV BEG][LINE=0
and LINE= cause a carriage return
but no line feed.] The default
is 1; maximum is 99.[REV END]
LNG=number Truncates the display field to
this number of characters. If
this option refers to a compound
item, then that item is displayed
within a display field length of
number. If necessary, new lines
are generated. [REV BEG]Range is
1-299.[REV END]
NEED=number Prints the current line at the
top of the next page if there are
fewer than the specified number
of lines between the current line
and the bottom of the page. If
you are grouping a set of items
together on a single line, the
NEED= must appear with the first
item. [REV BEG]Range is
1-99.[REV END]
NOCRLF Does not issue a carriage return
and line feed for the display
line containing the display
field. This parameter allows you
to print output from the next
DISPLAY statement on the same
line where the previous display
left off. NOCRLF is processed
when a listing goes to the
terminal or printer. If the
listing is sent to a disk file,
the option is ignored.
NOHEAD Suppresses the default heading
for this item reference.
NOSIGN A numeric display field is always
positive and no sign position is
required in the display field.
If a negative value occurs, the
display field contains a string
of minus signs (-).
PAGE[=number] Starts the display field on a new
page or on a page after a page
skip count specified by number.
The default is 1; [REV
BEG]maximum is 99.[REV END]
RIGHT Right-justifies the data item
value in the display field.
ROW=number Places the display field at
absolute line location number.
The first line position is 1. If
the display is already at a line
position greater than number,
then LINE=1 is in effect. [REV
BEG]Maximum is 99.[REV END]
SPACE[=number] Places this number of spaces
between the end of the previous
display field and the start of
the current display field. To
concatenate fields, use SPACE=0.
Default is 1; [REV BEG]maximum is
299.[REV END]
TITLE Displays the associated display
field and any preceding display
fields only at the start of each
new page for which this statement
applies.
TRUNCATE Truncates this display field if
it overflows the end of the
display line; if field is a
numeric type, displays pound
signs and does not truncate.
ZERO[E]S Right-justifies a numeric data
value in the display field and
inserts leading zeros.
Redirecting Output To A File
The formatted output generated by DISPLAY can be redirected to a
specified file by using the FILE= option. This feature allows you to
generate multiple reports and to save each in a different file. The only
requirement is that the specified file must first be identified by a
corresponding SYSTEM statement using the FILE= option. If the file is
not defined in the SYSTEM statement, an INVALID FILE NAME error will
occur during compilation. The default output width for DISPLAY is 79
characters.
When using this option, the DISPLAY verb sets the status register to
indicate the number of characters written to the specified file or -1 to
indicate an end-of-file. The status register is not altered unless the
FILE= option is used.
When using SET(OPTION) PRINT, the output file must be built with records
= 133 characters.
Examples
Assuming the items NAME, ADDRESS, CITY, DISCOUNT, and CUR-BAL have been
defined and also specified in a LIST statement, the following code:
DISPLAY NAME, COL=5:
ADDRESS, SPACE=3:
CITY, SPACE=5:
"DISCOUNT RATE IS", LINE=2, COL=5:
DISCOUNT, NOHEAD:
"%", JOIN=0:
"CURRENT BALANCE IS", SPACE=10:
CUR-BAL, EDIT="$,$$$,$$$.^^", NOHEAD;
results in the following display:
NAME ADDRESS CITY
SMITH R 3304 ROCKY ROAD COLORADO SPRINGS
DISCOUNT RATE IS 7.5% CURRENT BALANCE IS $14,734.05
The following example illustrates the use of the TABLE modifier and the
TITLE option:
DISPLAY(TABLE)
"CUSTOMER LIST", COL=25, TITLE:
CUST-NO, LINE=2:
FIRST-NAME, SPACE=3:
LAST-NAME, JOIN=3:
STREET-ADDR, SPACE=3:
CITY, SPACE=3:
ZIP, SPACE=3;
This statement produces a display that prints the title "CUSTOMER LIST"
at the start of each page as a result of the TITLE option, and only
prints the item heads once on each page as a result of the TABLE
modifier. For example,
CUSTOMER LIST
CUST-NO: FIRST-NAME: LAST-NAME: STREET-ADDR: CITY: ZIP:
22431 John Jones 5 Main Avenue Centerville 12345
34567 Mary Smith 123 4th St. Roseville 95747
The following example shows the use of the FILE= option to redirect
formatted output. It routes EMPLOYEE-NAME, EMPLOYEE-ADDRESS, and SALARY
to the MPE file "REPORT."
DISPLAY(FILE=REPORT) EMPLOYEE-NAME: EMPLOYEE-ADDRESS: SALARY;