HP 3000 Manuals HP 3000 Manuals
Backing Up the System
NOTE The MPE/iX operating system has been enhanced as of Release 4.5 and 5.0 to include additional features. For more information on these features, refer to the book, New Features of MPE/iX: Using the Hierarchical File System (32650-90351), included in this documentation set.
A system backup ensures data recovery if the system fails, loses data, or if a user accidently purges the wrong file. It consists of storing user and system files and the system directory onto tape. It is not quite as complete as creating a system recovery tape and is needed only when you reconfigure or update the system with SYSGEN. Backups maintain file integrity so that you will always have a recent copy of working files. Other functions, such as file security, user management, system security, and so on, are not related to backups. With a regularly scheduled backup strategy, you have the most recent version of every file on the system. Backing up the system can be performed only from the system console or with HP Easytime/iX. For the HP 3000 Series 9X8LX systems, you can perform back ups from HP Easytime/iX or by following these steps:
CAUTION The first backup performed on your system requires you to create a system recovery tape. The procedures for performing this special, initial backup are described in the section To Create a System Recovery Tape. later in this chapter.
To prepare for the backup The preparation that you need for a system backup depends on the number of users on your system. If you have several users and terminals, use the following steps. If you have only a few terminals and know that all activity has ceased except your session, you need not perform these steps. Step 1. Warn other users of the backup.. Log on to the MANAGER.SYS account. About fifteen minutes before starting the backup, tell everyone on the system to log off. During a backup, files that are in use will not be stored on the tapes. To make sure that all files are included in the backup, ask the users to log off the system. You can do this either verbally or through the system, using the TELL command. a. Use the TELL command to send a message to all users: :TELL @S; BACKUP WILL BEGIN IN 10 MINUTES. LOG OFF NOW.Return Do not press Return until you have typed the entire message. Pressing Return earlier ends the message prematurely. b. About ten minutes before you plan to begin the backup, send everyone a warning. All users receive the warning at their terminals, regardless of what they are doing. :WARN @S; BACKUP WILL BEGIN IN TEN MINUTES. LOG OFF. Return Step 2. Limit activity on the system.. To keep users from logging back on the system while the file backup is running, reset the job and session limits to 0. a. Use the SHOWJOB command to determine the current session and job limits. Jot these numbers down, and refer to them in step 4. :SHOWJOB Return The JLIMIT=nn (job limit) and SLIMIT=nn (session limit) fields of the SHOWJOB command display how limits are currently set. You will want to reset the job and sessions limits back to these settings after the system backup has completed. b. Decrease the job and session limits to 0. Type in the following: :LIMIT 0,0 Return c. Increase the jobfence to the maximum level: :JOBFENCE 14 Return d. Suspend any executing jobs: :SHOWJOB JOB=@J Return :BREAKJOB #J013 Return :SHOWJOB JOB=@J Return To create a system recovery tape
CAUTION The first backup performed on your system requires you to create a system recovery tape. The procedures for performing this special, initial backup are described below.
Since you have made changes to your system resulting from the installation and configuration process, it is necessary to back up this information onto a system recovery tape. The recovery process described here differs from the routine backups performed for ensuring data recovery. Create a system recovery tape by following these steps. (If you are already in MANAGER.SYS, omit step 1. If you are not sure, enter SHOWME at the prompt.) 1. Use the HELLO command to log on as MANAGER.SYS. : HELLO MANAGER.SYS Return The system prompt (:) appears. 2. At the system prompt (:), type the following to get into SYSGEN: : SYSGEN Return The computer responds by displaying the SYSGEN prompt: sysgen> 3. You should have purchased blank DDS cassette tapes. Load one of these read and write blank cassette tapes (slide the cassette tab to the right rear edge so that the recognition hole is closed), into the DDS tape drive. See Figure 2-3 . Remember not to use any other cassette labeled for another purpose. Wait until the tape is fully loaded (the cassette light on the DDS drive stops blinking.) Refer to chapter 5 in Getting Started - HP 3000 Series 9X8LX (B3813-90003) if you need a description of the indicator lights for your tape drive.Figure 2-3. Using a read and write blank tape When the tape is loaded, a console message similar to the following is displayed on the screen: 8:58/15/VOL (Unlabelled) mounted on LDEV#7 4. At the SYSGEN prompt, type the following (if the sysgen> prompt does not appear, press Return to get if): sysgen> TAPE STORE=!FSETLIST Return 5. After the tape loading process is complete, a tape request similar to the following appears: ?8:58/#S2/45/LDEV# FOR SYSGTAPE ON TAPE (NUM)? The message, called a tape request, asks for the LDEV number of the tape drive that you will use. The session number (#S2) is your MANAGER.SYS session number. The process identification number (PIN) (45 in this example) is the number that you will need in step 7 in the tape request to answer this message. (The PIN number always appears after the second slash mark (/).) 6. Reply to the tape request by pressing the Ctrl and A keys simultaneously. Ctrl A The = prompt appears. 7. Use the REPLY command including the PIN number and the LDEV of the tape drive that are in the tape request message. Separate these two values with a comma. The format of the reply is: =REPLY <PIN number>,<LDEV#> For the HP 3000 Series 9X8LX, the built-in tape drive is always LDEV 7 for your tape request. In the above example, the PIN number is 45; therefore, you would type the following: =REPLY 45,7 Return You will notice the tape drive lights flashing (if you would like a description of the light activities, refer to chapter 5, in Getting Started - HP 3000 Series 9X8LX (B3813-90003) and hear noise coming from the drive. This is all part of creating a system recovery tape. The number of files that you currently have on your system determines how long the store process takes. _________________________________________________________________ NOTE That this process of creating a system recovery tape could take from 30 minutes to two hours. _________________________________________________________________ At the end of this process, the system tells you how many directories and files have been stored onto your cassette tape. When the process is finished, the sysgen> prompt reappears. 8. To return to the system prompt (:) after the tape is created, type: sysgen> EXIT Return The system prompt (:) should reappear. 9. Remove the tape from the DDS tape drive by pressing the unload button on the front panel. Then move the cassette tab to the read-only mode. 10. Place a new label on the tape. To prevent jamming in the DDS tape drive, remove any old labels before adding new labels, and position the new label evenly on your cassette. 11. Store the system recovery tape with a listing of your backup files. Remember, never turn the computer off at the end of a work session. Employees at your company may need access to the system even after normal work hours. Also, you must follow a procedure called system shutdown before you turn the computer off. Information about system shutdown procedures can be found in under the section System Shutdown later in this chapter. To perform the backup You are now ready to perform the system backup. When you have completed the backup, change the job and session limits back to their original settings so that users will be able to log on to the system again. Refer to the "To let users back on the system following the backup" procedures of this chapter. * If you are not already logged on to the system as MANAGER.SYS, do so now. When you are sure that your console session is the only session on the system, you are ready to begin the backup process. * Load a non-write-protected cassette (slide the cassette tab to the right rear edge so that the recognition hole is closed), into the DDS tape drive. Do not use any other cassette labeled for another purpose for the backup.
CAUTION Do not press the tape drive eject button when the backup process is in progress. Doing so causes the backup to be aborted.
Partial backup. A partial backup involves storing only those files that have been changed or accessed since the last backup. The DATE= option of the STORE command identifies files for partial backups. In the following examples, the account structure is stored to tape using the DIRECTORY parameter. * All files before a certain date You can specify the files to back up before a specific date by using the DATE<= option. The system copies, or stores, any file that has been accessed on or before the specified date. a. If you want to back up all files that have been accessed on or before November 11, 1993, you would type the following: :FILE T;DEV=TAPE Return :STORE @.@.@;*T;DIRECTORY;DATE<=11/11/93 Return A file equation that correlates a name with the tape device is created first and is referenced in the STORE command line as *T. A tape request similar to the following appears on the console screen: ?17:52/#S24/12/LDEV# FOR "T" ON TAPE (NUM)? b. Respond to the tape request by pressing Ctrl and A simultaneously. c. At the = prompt, type REPLY followed by the process identification number (PIN) from the tape request line, a comma (,), and the logical device number (LDEV) of the tape device: =REPLY PIN number,LDEV number Return The PIN appears after the second slash (/) in the tape request line. Using the previous tape request as an example, this number would be 12. The LDEV number of the tape device for the HP 3000 9X8LX is set as 7. Example: Ctrl A =REPLY 12,7 Return * All files after a certain date You can specify the files to back up using the DATE>= option of the STORE command. The system copies, or stores, any file that has been modified on or after the specified date. a. If you wanted to store all files that have been modified on October 27, 1993 or later, you would type the following: :FILE T;DEV=TAPE Return :STORE @.@.@;*T;DIRECTORY;DATE>=10/27/93 Return The file equation correlates a name with the tape device. This tape device is referenced in the STORE command line as *T. A tape request similar to the following appears on the console screen: ?13:43/#S24/36/LDEV# FOR "T" ON TAPE (NUM)? b. Respond to the tape request by pressing Ctrl and A simultaneously. c. At the = prompt, type REPLY followed by the process identification number (PIN) from the tape request line, a comma (,), and the logical device number (LDEV) of the tape device. =REPLY PIN number,LDEV number Return The PIN appears after the second slash (/) in the tape request line. Using the previous tape request as an example, this number would be 36. The LDEV number of the tape device is commonly set as 7. Ctrl A =REPLY 36,7 Return A screen similar to the following appears when the backup process has completed: ________________________________________ | | | | | DIRECTORIES STORED: 1 | | | | FILES STORED: 171 | | FILES NOT STORED: 0 | | | | TOTAL MEDIA WRITTEN: 1 | | | ________________________________________ * After the system backup is finished, remove the tape from the DDS tape drive. Label the tape appropriately, and store it in a safe location. Full backup. A full backup involves storing all files on the system, whether they have been used or not. To do this, use the STORE command with wildcards for file, group, and account names. In the following example, all files on the system are stored, the account structure is stored (DIRECTORY), and a listing is printed on the standard output device ($STDLIST). * The file equation correlates a name with the tape device. This tape device is referenced in the STORE command line as *T. :FILE T;DEV=TAPE Return :STORE @.@.@;*T;DIRECTORY;SHOW=$STDLIST Return A tape request similar to the following appears on the console screen: ?13:43/#S24/12/LDEV# FOR "T" ON TAPE (NUM)? * Respond to the tape request by pressing Ctrl and A simultaneously. * At the = prompt, type REPLY followed by the process identification number (PIN) from the tape request line, a comma (,), and the logical device number (LDEV) of the tape device. =REPLY PIN number,LDEV number Return The PIN appears after the second slash (/) in the tape request line. Using the previous tape request as an example, this number would be 12. The LDEV number of the tape device is commonly set as 7. Example: Ctrl A =REPLY 12,7 Return A similar screen appears when the backup process has completed: ________________________________________ | | | | | DIRECTORIES STORED: 1 | | | | FILES STORED: 171 | | FILES NOT STORED: 0 | | | | TOTAL MEDIA WRITTEN: 1 | | | ________________________________________ * After the system backup is finished, remove the tape from the DDS tape drive. Label the tape appropriately, and store it in a safe location. To let users back on the system following the backup Once the backup is complete, users can log on to the system again. If the session and job limits have been changed in preparation for the backup, you must do the following to allow users to log on again. To set the job and session limits again. To set the job and session limits back to their original settings so that other users can log on, use the LIMIT command. LIMIT joblimit,sessionlimit Return For example, if the job limit was originally set at 10 and the session limit was set at 20, you would type the following: LIMIT 10,20 Return To perform an unattended, scheduled backup During most backups the user must attend to the tape and tape drive at the time of the backup. This includes loading the tape and replying at the system console to the tape request. An unattended and scheduled backup is one that is performed without this user interaction and at a preset time. Before you can run an unattended, scheduled backup, two things are necessary. You must have a tape drive that is configured for automatic reply (autoreply). You must also have your commands for the backup itself in a job file. When you have a tape drive on autoreply, and a job ready to perform a backup, you next stream the job with a parameter that specifies a time for the job to run. 1. Configure the system so that the tape drive replies automatically to the tape request. To do this you must use the utility known as SYSGEN. This step should be performed only by a system manager who has been formally trained in using the SYSGEN utility. a. Begin the SYSGEN utility by entering SYSGEN at the system prompt: :SYSGEN b. Open the input/output configurator: sysgen> IO c. Set the tape drive mode to autoreply: io>MDEV 7 MODE=AUTOREPLY d. Save the autoreply setting: io>HOLD e. Exit the input/output configurator: io>EXIT f. Keep the new configuration with this setting: sysgen>KEEP CONFIG g. Answer Y or YES to the following prompt: keeping to group CONFIG Purge old configuration (yes/no)? YES h. Leave the SYSGEN utility: sysgen>EXIT i. Shut the system down by doing the following: Before performing the following step, verify that there are no jobs active on the system and that the console is the only active session. Refer to the "To prepare for the system shutdown" section of this chapter for instructions on performing these tasks. * Press Ctrl A. * At the = prompt, type SHUTDOWN and press Return. This process could take several minutes. Wait for the SHUTDOWN COMPLETE message to appear on your screen. j. Reset the system. * Perform either a hard or soft reset. Ctrl B CM>RS Return or CM>TC Return * Boot from primary path. Interact with IPL. * At the ISL> prompt type, START NORECOVERY Return * Log on as MANAGER.SYS, and supply passwords. If you have followed the procedures in the "To prepare for the system shutdown" section of this chapter, continue by performing the procedures found in the "System Startup" section. Continue from procedure 4, "Starting the system", step 3, "Allow users to log on." This configuration is permanently saved on your disk in a group named CONFIG. It lasts longer than your session. Changes to this configuration may occur upon reconfiguring your system. _________________________________________________________________ CAUTION In this case, the tape drive now replies automatically to tape requests; thus, whatever tape is in the drive at the time of the request is written to as a result of any STORE command. _________________________________________________________________ 2. Create a job file so that you can stream the commands for a backup as a job. In this way, you can schedule the backup according to a time parameter, such as AT. a. In EDIT/3000 create a file similar to this: !JOB BACKJOB,user/password.account/password;INPRI=13 !LIMIT 1,1 !FILE T;DEV=TAPE !FILE SYSLIST;DEV=LP !STORE @.@.@;*T !TELL Backup job has completed. !LIMIT 10,20 !EOJ In the JOB command line, substitute in your user and account names, along with their passwords. b. Before exiting the editor, save the file as BACKJOB. 3. Stream BACKJOB with an appropriate time parameter. The example here shows a job that will execute on the day that it is streamed, at 9:00 pm. STREAM BACKJOB;AT=21:00 Any problems? * Was the unload button of the tape drive accidentally pressed during the backup process? Start the backup procedure over again from the beginning.
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