HP 3000 Manuals

General Information Manual

HP 3000 Open CASE 

Computer-aided software engineering, or CASE, has been used by HP 3000
developers for many years to streamline development and maintenance of
commercial applications.  CASE addresses one of the most critical
business needs today--the ability to quickly, and effectively manage a
business' information assets.  The HP 3000 open CASE program provides
developers and value-added software businesses with CASE tools for
effectively developing and maintaining applications for HP 3000 systems.

Effective development and maintenance of applications results from
viewing the activity as an organized process.  The process begins with
the planning and analysis of the new system; proceeds through design,
implementation, and test; and finally reaches fruition when the system is
installed into production and is maintained over the life of the system.
These phases are depicted in a lifecycle framework like the one shown in
the figure below.


          Figure 4-3.  Application Development Lifecycle Framework 

The objectives of the HP 3000 Open CASE program are to deliver the
following:

   *   the best-in-class CASE tools from leading CASE vendors
   *   a multivendor CASE solution
   *   CASE tools ranging from standalone to complete integrated-CASE
       solutions
   *   CASE tools for both mainframe class and open systems client/server
       applications

Within each phase of the lifecyle framework the HP 3000 Open CASE program
provides leadership tools for open systems, multiplatform development,
client-server applications, and mainframe-class application development.
Developers of multiplatform applications require industry-standard
compilers, RDBMSs, forms management facilities, and operating system
application programming interfaces (APIs).  Client-server CASE tools take
advantage of the sophisticated graphical user interfaces (GUIs) of PCs
and workstations and their high processing power to offload the host
server.  HP 3000 servers combine superior open OLTP functionality with
support for Novell and LAN Manager PC networks.  Mainframe applications
are typically large, business-critical systems whose development involves
multiperson, multiteam efforts and last for several years.  Project
management tools are required to control, monitor, and manage these large
projects.  The CASE tools must be able to develop application solutions
that can be deployed on different platforms and to access information
across platforms.  The HP 3000 provides leading multivendor connectivity
and database interoperability.

Application development process 

CASE tools are referred to in the context of how they address different
phases of the application development lifecycle.  Each phase corresponds
to a set of activities that are undertaken for applications development.
These phases are planning and analysis, design, implementation, test, and
production and maintenance.  The HP 3000 Open CASE program provides tools
for all major phases of the application development lifecycle.

Tools that address the first two phases, planning/analysis and design,
are called upper CASE tools, while the last three phases are referred to
as lower CASE tools.  Upper CASE tools are normally graphical in nature
and operate on a windows-based PC or a UNIX workstation.  Lower CASE
tools can be found on a workstation, a PC, or on the host system.
Integrated CASE tools, or I-CASE, are complete application development
toolsets consisting of tightly integrated tools that take applications
development processes from planning through maintenance.

The HP 3000 currently provides developers with a comprehensive set of
high quality CASE and decision support tools that meet the needs of
almost all HP 3000 applications.  These tools are supplied not only by
Hewlett-Packard but also by leading third-party CASE tools vendors.
Current CASE tools for developing applications for HP 3000 systems
include analysis and design tools, construction tools (industry standard
3GLs, de facto standard 4GLs, report writers, decision support tools,
industry standard database management systems, forms management systems),
testing tools, and maintenance tools (symbolic debuggers, impact analysis
tools, version control tools).

These CASE tools address all the major phases of the application
development lifecycle.  The figure below shows each of these phases and
the activities associated with each phase.


          Figure 4-4.  HP 3000 CASE Tools 

Integrated CASE 

Integrated-CASE, or I-CASE, tools consist of sets of individual tools,
from single vendors, that aid applications development and support all
phases of the application development lifecycle.  I-CASE tools provide
developers with the capablity to automatically generate 3GL or 4GL
applications from high-level designs and to maintain applications at the
design level.  I-CASE tools are single-vendor solutions built around a
repository through which individual tools within the I-CASE toolset can
share information about an application.  This allows the I-CASE tools to
propagate changes through an entire set of programs, databases, and
screens from a single change to the application design.

The HP 3000 900 Series supports the following world-class I-CASE
toolsets:

   *   CGI Informatique PACBASE, PACLAN, PACLAN/X
   *   Cognos PowerCASE
   *   Oracle CASE
   *   Softlab Maestro II

Planning and analysis 

Planning and analysis occur at the beginning of the application
development process.  This entails analyzing an enterprise's business
goals and then mapping them to its information systems plans.  Once the
data requirements of the system have been defined and analyzed, the
design phase can begin.

Many of the planning and analysis tools run on PCs or UNIX workstations
and are target system independent.  (A target system is the platform
where the application will run in production.)  The HP 3000 is an ideal
target system because of its high transaction performance, data
integrity, high availability, and systems management capabilities.

Design 

The activities during the design phase translate the information system
requirements into high-level data and process models.  While in design,
the data and process needs for the information system can be evaluated at
an abstract level before construction of the application occurs.

Design tools also run on PCs and UNIX workstations.  The output of these
tools tend to be target system independent and applicable to all target
systems, including the HP 3000.

Implementation 

The implementation phase revolves around the actual construction of the
application.  Traditional tools used during construction are 3GL
compilers, linkers, database schema processors, screen specification
tools, and so on.  More recently, fourth-generation languages (4GLs),
report writers, and code generators have made their way into the
implementation toolset.  The lower CASE tools for the implementation,
test, and production and maintenance usually run on the target system.

The HP 3000 provides a full complement of application development tools:
fourth-generation languages (4GL), third-generation languages (3GL), and
forms management.

Fourth-generation languages (4GL).   

The HP 3000 supports the major industry-leading 4GL toolsets.  These 4GL
toolsets provide multivendor application portability and protect
application investments.  4GLs integrate application development,
testing, and reporting.  The HP 3000 900 Series supports, among others,
the following 4GL toolsets:

   *   Cognos PowerHouse
   *   Gateway Systems Synergist
   *   Infocentre Speedware
   *   Information Builders Inc.  FOCUS
   *   Ingres application development environment
   *   Oracle application development environment
   *   Protos

Third-generation languages (3GL).   

The HP 3000 900 Series family supports a rich set of third-generation
programming languages for application development:

   *   HP COBOL II/XL
   *   HP C/XL
   *   HP FORTRAN 77/XL
   *   HP Pascal/XL
   *   HP Business BASIC/XL
   *   HP RPG/XL

The HP 3000 900 Series also supports COBOL II, FORTRAN 77, Pascal, RPG,
Business BASIC, BASIC, and SPL in compatibility mode.

This wide selection of programming languages gives customers the freedom
to choose the language with which their programmers are most productive.
In addition, a program written in one language can call programs and
routines written in another HP language.  This means that each portion of
an application can be written in the language that is best suited to
perform the given task.

HP 3000 compiler optimization 
The native mode compilers, COBOL II/XL, FORTRAN 77/XL, C/XL, Pascal/XL,
RPG/XL, and Business BASIC/XL, are optimizing compilers that maximize a
program's run-time performance while minimizing its memory requirements.
Hewlett-Packard developed these powerful compilers to take full advantage
of the features, simplicity, and uniformity of the machine instruction
set of HP Precision Architecture-RISC.

HP's optimizing compilers provide processing efficiency in several ways.
For example, they analyze program behavior on a global basis and schedule
instructions to fully utilize the advanced pipelining capabilities of the
HP 3000 900 Series.  They also allocate the processor's registers very
efficiently to take full advantage of PA-RISC's LOAD/STORE design.

HP COBOL II.   

HP COBOL II is a business data processing language that operates on the
HP 3000 systems.  It takes full advantage of the systems' capabilities
and architecture.  COBOL II's performance was specially enhanced for
packed decimal and display data arithmetic.  COBOL II is based on the
1985 ANSI COBOL Standard X3.23-1985.  The new features provided by the
1985 standard include many structured programming control structures,
such as nested subprograms, nested PERFORMS, NOT phrases, and scope
terminators.  In addition to being validated as a high-level
implementation of ANSI X3.23-1985, COBOL II also compiles programs that
conform to the 1974 standard, ANSI X3.23-1974.  COBOL II now supports the
new, optional Intrinsic Function module of the ANSI COBOL '85 standard,
consisting of 42 built-in COBOL functions.

HP COBOL II also conforms to the Federal Information Processing Standard
(FIPS) Publication 21-3.

HP has implemented several extensions to the standard in order to
increase the capability of COBOL II. The most significant extensions are
as follows:

   *   A preprocessor function that provides statements allowing the
       programmer to equate a particular macro or sequence of code
       ($DEFINE) or a file ($INCLUDE) to an identifier, which can be
       referenced throughout the program and is replaced with the
       expanded source code it represents at compile time.
   *   Program debugging aids that increase the productivity of COBOL
       programming staffs by providing tools that aid in finding problems
       within a program during the development cycle.
   *   HP CROSSREF provides a listing of all symbols and tables used in
       the expanded source file.
   *   HP VERB MAP provides a listing of COBOL statements and their
       locations within the object code.
   *   Ability to call the system intrinsic functions and programs
       written in other languages.
   *   Dynamic file assignment support that allows the assignment of
       logical files to physical files or devices at runtime.
   *   A special register, called RETURN-CODE, which allows COBOL
       subprograms to provide a functional return.
   *   Symbolic debugging support by both Symbolic Debugger/XL and
       Toolset/XL.
   *   HP Software Performance Tuner/XL support.

HP C/XL.   

HP C/XL is Hewlett-Packard's implementation of C for the HP 3000
900 Series that conforms to ANSI standard X3.159-1989.  C is a
general-purpose programming language that features modern control flow
and data structures, a rich set of operators, and economy of expression.
It combines the convenience and portability of a high-level language with
the flexibility and efficiency of an assembly language.  It is widely
used for application programming and is an excellent vehicle for porting
software applications between different vendors' systems.

Key features of HP C/XL are listed below: 

   *   Function prototypes support type checking of function parameters,
       providing greater software reliability.
   *   Functions are recursive and can return scalar, structure, or union
       values.
   *   Block-structured scope of variables is provided.
   *   Public and private functions and data are provided.
   *   Structured programming statements -- if-else, for, while, switch 
       -- are available.
   *   Pointers provide flexible manipulation of addresses.
   *   Multiple-byte character and wide-character support are provided,
       enabling applications to be localized for national languages.
   *   Programs are provided to specify optimization options, copyright
       information, version identification, listing control, and
       operating system intrinsic access.
   *   Programs can access the operating environment PARM and INFO
       values.
   *   Preprocessor performs conditional inclusion, macro processing, and
       source file inclusion.
   *   Programs can be debugged using HP Symbolic Debugger/XL.
   *   HP Software Performance Tuner/XL support.

HP FORTRAN 77.   

HP FORTRAN 77 is based on the most recent ANSI FORTRAN standard and
incorporates a number of improvements and extensions over previous
implementations.  Among the more important are an IF-THEN-ELSE control
structure, a CHARACTER data type, and generalized I/O facilities.  HP
FORTRAN 77 is a superset of the ANSI FORTRAN 77 standard.  It provides a
well-defined language standard for software portability and offers
extensions that enhance the flexibility and power of the FORTRAN 77
language.

Key features of HP FORTRAN 77 are as follows: 

   *   Seven data types -- integer, double integer (integer*4), logical,
       real, double precision(real*8), complex, and character.
   *   Character variables and character arrays.
   *   Bit extract and deposit capability with partial-word designators.
   *   Arrays with up to 255 dimensions.
   *   Named common blocks initialized by block data subprograms.
   *   Multiple entry points for subprograms.
   *   Support of user-written error-handling routines that are called
       under trap conditions.
   *   ANSI FORTRAN 77(X3.9-1978) full language.
   *   MIL-STD-1753 language extensions.
   *   HP language extensions.
   *   HP 3000 operating system access.
   *   HP Symbolic Debugger/XL support.
   *   HP Software Performance Tuner/XL support.

HP Pascal.   

HP Pascal provides several extensions to the ANSI IEEE standards for
Pascal.  HP Pascal/XL, the 900 Series version, allows several extensions
to the ISO standards for Pascal, including those that provide system
programming capabilities.  These extensions open many new areas for
Pascal usage.  Pascal is particularly useful for development of large
systems and subsystems, and Pascal/XL is also useful for those
applications that require system-level programming.

Pascal offers a very rich and powerful set of data types and control flow
structures.  Along with control constructs, Pascal's basic building
blocks of structure, namely procedures and functions, permit a top-down
approach to program development.  The modular, self-documenting
characteristic of Pascal programs produces code that is easy to maintain
and enhance.  As a further aid to program development, the language
offers strong type-checking and range-checking capabilities.  A
significant portion of the debugging responsibility now rests with the
compiler and the language.

HP Pascal/XL offers system programming extensions to the above features.
These extensions have permitted Pascal to be used extensively within
Hewlett-Packard for system-level applications.

Key features of HP Pascal are as follows: 

   *   Symbolic debug support for Pascal/XL is provided by HP Symbolic
       Debugger/XL.
   *   Conformant array parameter type provides flexibility in parameter
       passing for HP Pascal/XL.
   *   Character and string types allow powerful string management
       operations, when coupled with predefined string handling
       functions.
   *   HP Software Performance Tuner/XL support.

HP RPG.   

HP RPG, or Report Program Generator, is a machine-independent,
problem-oriented report-generating language that is easy to learn, to
use, and to code.  It allows you to specify many important operations
with a minimum of effort by making simple entries on specially formatted
coding sheets.  HP RPG/XL, the 900 Series version, is highly compatible
with the RPG II languages offered by other vendors.  Minimal effort is
required to migrate standard RPG II programs from other vendors' systems
to HP. In addition, the HP RPG/XL compiler helps detect errors at the
source language level with extensive diagnostic messages.

HP Business BASIC.   

HP Business BASIC/XL offers a variety of features to ease the programming
task.  HP Business BASIC supports the commercial applications programmer
pursuing serious development as well as the novice programmer involved in
ad hoc production of simple programs and tools.

HP Business BASIC not only provides ease of use for the programmer, but
also allows the programmer to write applications that are easy to use.
Run-time errors and interrupts from the keyboard can be trapped by the
program and appropriate action taken automatically.  Statements are
provided to support applications with softkey-based user interfaces.

Forms management 

HP's forms management facilities simplify the creation of screen forms
and the development of workstation I/O portions of applications.  The
forms management facilities make it easy to define and use application
screens.  The end users are able to see what the application will look
like early in the design phase, so they can provide valuable input before
application development begins.

HP FORMSPEC.   

HP FORMSPEC is an easy to use, menu-driven, interactive screen forms
design facility for application developers.  The forms developed with
FORMSPEC can be manipulated by applications using HP VPLUS intrinsics.
FORMSPEC provides automatic data checking, editing, formatting, and
displays error-dependent, run-time user messages.  The separation of the
screen interface from the application allows screen image maintenance
without having to change the application.

HP VPLUS.   

HP VPLUS consists of a set of intrinsics that programmers can use to
develop the terminal I/O portions of applications.

Key features of HP VPLUS are listed below: 

   *   Configures the terminal workstation
   *   Retrieve a form definition from a forms file
   *   Display a form with application-provided data and window message
       and enhanced fields
   *   Return data that is entered into a displayed form along with the
       value of the last key pressed to the application
   *   Execute logical groups of system-level workstation management
       routines with high-level intrinsics
   *   Perform diagnostic activities during program development and
       debugging


          Figure 4-5.  HP VPLUS/Windows 

HP VPLUS/Windows.   

HP VPLUS/Windows is part of HP's strategy for optimizing computer
resources through a client-server computing environment.  VPLUS/Windows
allows VPLUS applications running on an HP 3000 computer to be run under
MS-Windows on a PC. No changes are required to the VPLUS application
programs, which optimizes use of computer resources.

With VPLUS/Windows, users can access multiple VPLUS applications, and
move freely between their VPLUS applications and PC-based software such
as spreadsheets and word processors.  Unlike terminal emulation software,
VPLUS/Windows facilitates a bitmapped windowing system and can store part
of the application on the PC. This increases performance and frees
applications from the terminal's architecture.

HP Motif XL.   

HP Motif XL is the GUI that runs on top of the X Windows System on the HP
3000.  HP Motif XL provides a sophisticated, consistent user interface
for client-server application solutions.  For more information on HP
Motif XL, please refer to Chapter 3, The HP 3000 Operating Environment.

HP JAM.   

HP JAM (Jyacc Application Manager) is a user interface management system
that allows programmers to design and develop the user interface for
applications developed in other third-generation languages for multiple
platforms.  By eliminating the extensive coding normally required for
user interfaces, development is performed quickly, thereby reducing
overall time required for application development.  With JAM, programmers
can easily create and link screens, menus and windows, incorporate color
and graphics, and prototype entire applications without writing code.

Additionally, HP JAM allows programmers to build fully functional
applications without affecting performance.  Because JAM links the user
interface with the backend code written in a third generation language,
the performance of the application is not compromised.

Software editing and control 

HP EDIT/XL.   

HP EDIT/XL is a full-function, screen-oriented editor designed for
application program development.  This interactive editor offers a
user-configurable editing environment with a rich set of advanced text
processing features.  Support for standard as well as COBOL line
numbering and features such as automatic indentation and line shifting
make this an ideal text editor for programmers.

HP EDIT/XL offers many advantages over other editors including
full-screen editing with split-screen windowing capabilities, a user
configurable interface, the ability to undo unwanted actions, provisions
for minimizing loss of data, Asian (16-bit) and European text support and
a comprehensive online Help facility.  HP EDIT/V is also available for
MPE V systems.

HP Software Revision Controller.   

HP Software Revision Controller (HP SRC) is a sophisticated revision
control system designed to manage changes to files in a software
development environment.  HP SRC provides comprehensive software revision
management that alleviates the need for enforcement of strict file access
rules or manual logs to track files as they are revised.  Instead, HP SRC
automates this process by providing an automated check-in/check-out
facility that protects against simultaneous modification to a specific
version while providing the flexibility of parallel development on
different versions of the same file.  In addition, it provides an
up-to-date audit trail as software modifications are made.

In addition to operating system file and account security, HP SRC uses
its own security system to prevent unauthorized access to files.  The
combination of these protective measures preserves file integrity.  HP
SRC/V is also available for MPE V systems.

Reporting 

The HP 3000 900 Series supports industry leading reporting tools, which
transparently integrate information from HP ALLBASE/SQL and HP
TurboIMAGE.

HP Business Report Writer.   

HP Business Report Writer (BRW) is a high-performance business report
writing system for information management professionals.  Additionally,
BRW is an excellent solution for sophisticated report writing for
TurboIMAGE and ALLBASE/SQL DBMS. With BRW, comprehensive report
development no longer requires numerous lines of program code or complex
report syntax.  BRW's ease of use significantly reduces the time required
for report development.  Maintenance of reports is simplified, and report
generation can be tuned to optimize and conserve system resources.  BRW
is a terminal-based, menu-driven application.

HP BRW-Desk is an add-on product that enables you to automatically send
BRW reports to the Intray of selected HP DeskManager accounts.  Both
BRW/V and BRW-Desk/V are available for MPE V systems.

HP ALLBASE/QUERY.   

HP ALLBASE/QUERY is an easy-to-use, terminal-based data retrieval tool
for HP ALLBASE/SQL. The flexible selection of access and reporting
modules available in ALLBASE/QUERY enables end users and database
administrators to perform queries, to modify data or tables, and to
generate reports, without programming.  ALLBASE/QUERY also provides
powerful facilities for programmers to use in preconfiguring complex
tasks or to improve productivity when working with ALLBASE/SQL.

HP Information Access.   

HP Information Access is a client-server decision support solution that
extends the availability of data processing systems by delivering key
business data to authorized PC users.  Host server data can be downloaded
into popular PC spreadsheet, database, and graphics applications.
Information Access provides the means to make better decisions based on
up-to-the-minute information wherever it resides.  Additionally,
centralized administration of information access improves the management
of essential data processing systems.  For a complete description, please
refer to Chapter 6, Office Information.

HP NewWave Access.   

HP NewWave Access provides an intuitive, graphical user interface that
fully utilizes the MS-Windows and HP NewWave environment.  PC users can
easily create data view objects from network information and update or
modify the data without having to know the associated connection
information or database syntax.  For detailed information, please refer
to Chapter 6, Office Information.

Testing 

Testing is a critical part of the application development process.
During this phase, the application is tested for compliance to
specifications and is debugged.  The testing tools employed are code
analyzers, debuggers, and diagnostic tools.  Many of the 4GLs provide
their own integrated test facilities.

The products supported by the HP 3000 provide sophisticated debugging and
diagnostic capabilities that make it easy to isolate and correct
problems.

HP Symbolic Debugger/XL.   

HP Symbolic Debugger/XL is a powerful, full-featured symbolic debugger
that helps the user locate and correct errors in programs.  The feature
set facilitates high programmer productivity and user friendliness.
Symbolic Debugger/XL is the interactive source-level debugger for the
COBOL II/XL, FORTRAN 77/XL, C/XL, and Pascal/XL languages on the HP 3000
900 Series.

HP Symbolic Debugger/XL allows the user to examine the program state in
which an error or some other condition occurs.  The user can then take
corrective action and resume execution or abort the program.

HP Symbolic Debugger/XL is compatible with HP Symbolic Debugger/HP-UX,
allowing you to use the same debugging environment on MPE/XL and HP-UX.

HP Software Performance Tuner/XL.   

HP Software Performance Tuner/XL (SPT/XL) provides information needed to
increase the performance of HP 3000 900 Series application programs.
With HP SPT/XL, the programmer can evaluate the design and efficiency of
application code during development or monitor and improve the
performance of production applications.

During development, HP SPT/XL's unique compare feature helps build
efficiency into applications by assisting programmers in analyzing the
performance impact of program logic and critical algorithms.  During
production, SPT/XL functions as a diagnostic and monitoring tool to help
maintain application performance and meet daily business processing
needs.  And when business demands dictate program modifications, SPT/XL
can help analyze the performance impact of program enhancements.

HP SPT/XL uses transactions as a reference point for application
performance analysis.  Transaction-based analysis assists the programmer
in focusing the tuning effort where it will most directly improve
application performance.  The software traces operating system intrinsic
calls, samples program statement execution, and reports HP TurboIMAGE
database and file activity, thereby allowing the programmer to precisely
pinpoint tuning opportunities.

Production and maintenance 

This phase begins when the application is deployed into production.
Tasks performed during this phase include restructuring database
information, performing ad hoc queries, implementing application
enhancements, and repairing defects.  The tools most used here provide
database administration, reverse engineering, and decision support.
Another task performed in production is software distribution to remote
operations.  For centralized MIS departments, the task of ensuring that
each remote production system has the latest software revision is often
complex, expensive, and prone to error.  The complexity increases even
more dramatically for client-server applications, as the distribution
process is carried forward to each client system.

HP ALLBASE/SQL administration.   

HP ALLBASE/SQL provides a comprehensive set of standard maintenance
utilities to create, query, and restructure ALLBASE/SQL databases.
Interactive SQL (ISQL), SQLUtil, and SQLGEN provide the database
administrator (DBA) the capabilities to design, modify, and tune
databases.  Dynamic restructuring allows the users to continue accessing
data, except for affected areas, during restructuring.

Key features of HP ALLBASE/SQL administration are as follows: 

   *   Create indexes, statistics, tables, views, and view authorization;
       load and unload tables
   *   Dynamic restructuring including expanding table capacities,
       altering security, designations, adding columns, and adding or
       deleting indexes, views, and tables
   *   Display and change startup parameters; move files and logs; purge
       files, logs, and databases; backup and restore databases
   *   Non-procedural query:  select, update, insert, and delete

HP DBChange Plus.   

HP DBChange Plus is a powerful TurboIMAGE/XL database administration tool
that simplifies the tasks of database restructuring, maintenance, and
analysis.  It increases database availability, gives database
administrators more flexibility, and ensures maximum data integrity.

Key features of HP DBChange Plus are listed below: 

   *   A command-driven interface accepts interactive input from a
       terminal or batch input from a standard text file
   *   Users may preview and alter new database attributes before the
       modifications are actually applied
   *   A full function restructuring package transforms any TurboIMAGE/XL
       database into a new format without unloading and reloading the
       data
   *   Capacity management allows proactive management of databases as
       the data sets grow
   *   Comprehensive diagnostic and repair facilities ensure maximum
       protection for TurboIMAGE/XL data
   *   Database statistics help identify database areas that need
       performance tuning

HP Toolset/XL.   

Toolset/XL provides a set of tools that work together to maximize the
productivity of COBOL II/XL and Pascal/XL programmers in the coding,
symbolic debugging, and version management phases of development on the
900 Series systems; and extends symbolic debugging to include support for
HP FORTRAN 77/XL. These tools perform many of the fundamental and routine
programming tasks and simplify or facilitate others.  Toolset/V tools are
also available for MPE V systems.

MPE/iX 5.0 Documentation