HP 3000 Manuals HP 3000 Manuals
GLOSSARY address An identifier defined and used by a particular protocol and associated software to distinguish one node from another. address resolution In NS networks, the mapping of node names to IP addresses and the mapping of IP addresses to subnet addresses. See also probe protocol, ARP. alias A character string that is used as an alternate name for a protocol or a node. ARP Address Resolution Protocol. ARP provides IP to LAN station address resolution for Ethernet nodes on a LAN. ARPA Advanced Research Projects Agency. ARPANET The computer network of the Advanced Research Projects Agency. ASCII American National Standard Code for Information Interchange. A character set using 7-bit code used for information interchange among data processing and data communications systems. The American implementation of International Alphabet No. 5. binary mode Data transfer scheme in which no special character processing is performed. All characters are considered to be data and are passed through with no control actions being taken. bind A system call that assigns a specific name and unique address to a socket, turning a socket (which is one end-point of the connection) into an actual file. Binding allows servers to register well-known addresses with the system and each client to register a specific address for itself. See also socket and well-known addresses. bootp Internet Boot Protocol (BOOTP) used to start, or boot, LAN devices such as routers, printers, X-terminals, and diskless workstations. BOOTPTAB.NET.SYS The configuration file for the Bootstrap protocol daemon, bootpd, that contains client and relay information. client A node on the internetwork that asks to use one of the Internet Services on the host. For example, a Telnet client is the process that uses Telnet protocol to establish a virtual terminal on your system. daemon A process that either waits for the occurrence of an event or waits to perform some specificied task on a periodic basis. Daemons are typically started once, on system startup, and they frequently start other processes to handle service requests. The Internet daemon inetd is a good example of such a process. datagram A message consisting of content and all of the information needed to deliver the content between one system and another. Datagrams are sent using the User Datagram Protocol, or UDP. See also UDP. datagram service A connectionless service that transmits messages, or datagrams, from one system to another. Because datagrams are transmitted without relying on a pre-established network connection (hence the term connectionless), each datagram must contain all the information required for its delivery. The protocol associated with datagram service is UDP, or User Datagram Protocol. See also datagram, protocol, and UDP. DCE Data circuit-terminating equipment. The interfacing equipment required in order to interface to data terminal equipment (DTE) and its transmission circuit. Synonyms: data communications equipment, dataset. domain name A name designated for a system in ARPANET standard format. This name can be used by other nodes on the network to access the host for which it is configured. DTC Datacommunications and Terminal Controller. The DTC is a hardware device, configured as a node on a LAN, that enables asynchronous devices to access HP 3000 Series 900 computers. Terminals can either be directly connected to the DTC, or they can be remotely connected through a Packet Assembler Disassembler (PAD). The DTC can be configured with DTC/X.25 Network Access cards and DTC/X.25 Network Access software. A DTC/X.25 iX Network Link consists of two software modules: the X.25 iX System Access software (running on the host) and the DTC/X.25 Network Access software (running on the DTC). DTC Telnet Access An HP product providing Telnet connections from HP 9000 and non-HP systems running ARPA standard Telnet services to the HP 3000. The solution includes a Telnet Access Card (TAC) that resides in the DTC 72MX or DTC 48 and provides protocol conversion between Telnet and Avesta Flow Control Protocol (AFCP). Equivalent functionality is provided by a separate product, the Telnet Express Box (TEB). DTE Data Terminal Equipment. Equipment that converts user information into data transmission signals or reconverts received data signals into user information. Data terminal equipment operations in conjunction with data circuit-terminating equipment. environment A session that is established on a remote node. Ethernet A Local Area Network system that uses baseband transmission at 10 Mbps over coaxial cable. Ethernet is a trademark of Xerox Corporation. file equation An assignment statement that is used to associate a file with a specific device or type of device during execution of a program. flow control A means of regulating the rate at which data transfer takes place between devices to protect against data overruns. FTP File Transfer Protocol. The Internet Services protocol that facilitates the transfer of files between systems. Originally developed by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). host computer A computer on which network communications software resides, and which is currently providing a service to a requesting client. HOSTS.NET.SYS The host name data base file which associates Internet addresses with official host names and aliases. IEEE 802.3 A standard for a broadcast local area network published by the Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). This standard is used for both the ThinLAN and ThickLAN implementations of the Local Area Network (LAN). inetd The Internet server that allows one daemon to invoke many servers, thus reducing load on the system. Normally started at system boot time, only one inetd can run at any given time. INETDCNF.NET.SYS The configuration file for the Internet daemon inetd, which determines which installed Internet Services are available to users. INETDSEC.NET.SYS The optional security file for inetd, which lets you control access to individual services to specific accounts, groups, or users. internet An aggregation of computer systems and other types of computing equipment that share information according to a set of defined communications protocols. Local networks, such as all computer systems linked together within a company, are typically linked to other local networks via the Internet. Or, individual systems which are not part of a local network, such as a personal computer or a standalone business computing system, can exchange information via the Internet if they are equipped with the appropriate communications software and hardware. Internet Protocol (IP). A set of rules used to route information between different local networks in an internetwork, as well as among nodes in the same local network. The internet protocol corresponds to layer three, the network layer, of the OSI model. See also IP address. IP See Internet Protocol. IP address Internet Protocol address. An address used by the Internet Protocol to correctly route information. A complete IP address comprises a network portion, to identify a specific network, and a node portion, to identify a node within that network. local host The host system you are currently working from. local node Same as host system. loopback The routing of messages from a node back to itself. name space The set of possible names allowed in a given environment. The POSIX name space, which follows hierarchical file system syntax (i.e. \sys\pub\myfile) is distinct from the MPE/iX name space, which follows MPE naming rules (i.e., MYFILE.PUB.SYS). network address Either the network portion of an IP address (as opposed to the node portion) or a node's X.25 address when referring to X.25 networks. network directory A file containing information required for one node to communicate with other nodes in 1) an internetwork, 2) an X.25 network, or 3) a network that contains non-HP nodes. The active network directory on a node must be named NSDIR.NET.SYS. NI See Network Interface. Network Interface The collection of software that enables data communication between a system and a network. A node possesses one or more network interfaces for each of the networks to which it belongs. Examples of network interfaces include Local Area Networks (LANs), point-to-point (router), X.25, token ring, SNA, loopback, and gateway half. The maximum number of supportable network interfaces is 12, one of which is reserved for loopback. Network Services Software application products that can be used to access data, initiate processes, and exchange information among nodes in the network. The NS3000/iX Network Services include RPM, VT, RFA, RDBA, and NFT. NMCONFIG.PUB.SYS The file that contains all the network configuration data for the HP 3000 Series 900 computer on which it resides. It includes information about the clients that can access the system as well as information about any Network Services (NS) products running on the system. This is the only file name allowed. NMMAINT Node Management services MAINtenance utility. A utility that lists the software module version numbers for all HP AdvanceNet products, including NS3000/iX. It detects missing or invalid software modules. NMMGR Node Management Services Configuration Manager. A software subsystem that enables you to configure network connectivity and access parameters for an HP 3000 Series 900 computer. NMMGRVER Node management services conversion utility. A conversion program that converts configuration files created with NMMGR from an earlier version to the latest format. node A computer that is part of a network. The DTC, or Datacommunications and Terminal Controller that enables asynchronous devices to access the HP 3000, is also considered to be a node and has its own address. node address The node portion of an Internet Protocol (IP) address. Node Management Services Configuration Manager See NMMGR. node name A character string that uniquely identifies each system in a network or internetwork. Each node name in a network or internetwork must be unique; however, a single node can be identified by more than one node name. NS See Network Services. NS3000/iX Link Software and hardware that provides the connection between nodes on a network. Some of the NS3000/iX links available are the ThinLAN 3000/iX Link and its ThickLAN option, the DTC/X.25 iX Network Link, and the NS Point-to-Point 3000/iX Link. NS3000/iX Network Services Software applications that can be used to access data, initiate processes, and exchange information among nodes in a network. The services are RPM, VT, RFA, RDBA, and NFT. NSDIR.NET.SYS The name of the active network directory file. See alsonetwork directory. packets Encapsulated messages transmitted across a network or an internetwork. privileged mode A capability assigned to accounts, groups, or users allowing unrestricted memory access, access to privileged CPU instructions, and the ability to call privileged procedures. probe protocol An HP protocol used by NS3000/iX IEEE 802.3 networks to get information about other nodes on the network. It resolves names to IP addresses, and resolves IP addresses to IEEE 802.3 addresses. process A single instance of a program that is being executed by the operating system, also known as a task. protocol A set of rules that enables two or more data processing entities to exchange information. In networks, protocols are the rules and conventions that govern each layer of network architecture. They define what functions are performed and how messages are exchanged. protocols file A file that contains a list of protocols known to the system, plus the identification number and one or more aliases for each. See also protocol. PROTOCOL.NET.SYS The protocols file, described above. relay Using one node on an internetwork to pass information through to another node or nodes. A relay entry in the bootpd configuration file, for example, provides the information necessary to forward, or relay, bootstrap protocol requests to one or more bootp servers. remote host The host system from which you, as a client, are requesting service. remote node A node on an internetwork other than the node you are currently using or referring to. RSLVSAMP.NET.SYS Sample initialization file for the domain name resolver. RESLVCNF.NET.SYS An initialization file for the domain name resolver. It contains information needed by the network to determine how to resolve a domain name to an IP address. server A node on a network or internetwork that provides on-demand service to requesting clients. services file The file which associates official service names and aliases with the port number and protocol the services use. In the HFS name space, this file is /etc/services. SERVICES.NET.SYS The services name file, described above. socket A special kind of file that uniquely identifies one end point of an Internetwork connection. A socket specifies the protocol being used (e.g. TCP) the Internetwork address (e.g. 192.44.244.7) and the integer identifiying the process (e.g. 377). A socket pair completely specifies the two processes that make up an Internetwork connection. stream services A type of service that uses Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) to exchange information on an internetwork. Stream services rely on an established, known connection between two systems, client and host, similar to a leased or dedicated phone line between two parties. stream socket A type of socket that is used to establish stream services between two systems. subnet Another name for a network, especially if the network is part of an internetwork. The word subnet is also a synonym for intranet. subnet mask A grouping of bits that determines which bits of the IP address will be used to define a subnetwork. The subnet mask is configured using the NMMGR utility and specified in the same format as an IP address. TAC Telnet Access Card. A board within a DTC 48 or 72MX. TCP/IP Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. A set of rules that establishes and maintains connections between nodes on an internetwork. TCP/IP regulates the flow of data, breaks messages into smaller fragments if necessary (and reassembles the fragments at the destination), detects errors, and retransmits messages if errors have been detected. TEB Telnet Express Box. An HP product consisting of a DTC dedicated to providing protocol conversion between Telnet on TCP/IP and AFCP to allow incoming calls from the Internet Services environment to HP 3000 systems. Telnet The application protocol offering virtual terminal service in the Internet suite of protocols developed by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). TELNET.ARPA.SYS A file that contains the Telnet client program. TELNTDOC.ARPA.SYS The readme file for the Telnet client program. TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol, TFTP, a set of rules used to read and write files to or from a remote system. UDP User Datagram Protocol, a set of rules used to send connectionless messages called datagrams between systems. UDP requires much less overhead than a protocol such as TCP because it does not require acknowledgement from the recipient that the message reached its destination. Virtual Terminal A network service that allows a user to establish interactive sessions on a node. WAN Wide Area Network. A data communications network of unlimited size, used for connecting localities, cities, and countries. well-known address The port number that identifies the specific user process of an available and commonly-used Internet Service. For example, the port number for the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is 21. X.25 Defines the interface between a DTE and a DCE for packet mode operation on a public data network (PDN).