HP 3000 Manuals HP 3000 Manuals
HP 3000 MPE/iX Computer Systems TurboIMAGE/XL Database Management System Reference Manual HP Part No. 30391-90001 Printed in U.S.A. Edition Sixth E0897
Copyright (c)1985, 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1994, 1997 by Hewlett-Packard Company The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for direct, indirect, special, incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing or use of this material. Hewlett-Packard assumes no responsibility for the use or reliability of its software on equipment that is not furnished by Hewlett-Packard. This document contains proprietary information which is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Reproduction, adaptation, or translation without prior written permission is prohibited, except as allowed under the copyright laws. Restricted Rights Legend Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013. Rights for non-DOD U.S. Government Departments and Agencies are as set forth in FAR 52.227-19 (c) (1,2). Hewlett-Packard Company 3000 Hanover Street Palo Alto, CA 94304 U.S.A. Printed August 1997 Printing History The following table lists the printings of this document, together with the respective release dates for each edition. The software version indicates the version of the software product at the time this document was issued. Many product releases do not require changes to the document. Therefore, do not expect a one-to-one correspondence between product releases and document editions. Edition Date Software Version --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- First Edition December 1987 30391C.00.00 Second Edition October 1989 30391C.00.80 Third Edition December 1990 30391C.03.08 Fourth Edition June 1992 30391C.04.00 Fifth Edition April 1994 30391C.05.04 Sixth Edition August 1997 30391C.07.04 Preface This manual describes the TurboIMAGE/XL Database Management System for the HP 3000 Series 900 computers. It is the reference document for anyone designing, creating, and maintaining a database and for application programmers writing database access programs. TurboIMAGE/V users will find information and instructions on how to move from TurboIMAGE/V to TurboIMAGE/XL in appendix H. Designers of TurboIMAGE/XL databases will find knowledge of the HP 3000 MPE/iX operating and file systems useful in determining the amount of system resources, such as disk space and computation time, needed to maintain a specific database. Because access to TurboIMAGE/XL databases requires the use of a host programming language, application programmers need familiarity with at least one of the programming languages available on the HP 3000 computer: BBASIC, C, COBOL II, FORTRAN 77, Pascal, or RPG.
NOTE In this manual, a word is a 32-bit storage unit and a halfword is a 16-bit storage unit. One byte is 8 bits.
MPE/iX MPE/iX, Multiprogramming Executive with Integrated POSIX, is the latest in a series of forward-compatible operating systems for the HP 3000 line of computers. In Hewlett-Packard documentation and in talking with HP 3000 users, you will encounter references to MPE XL, the direct predecessor of MPE/iX. MPE/iX is a superset of MPE XL. All programs written for MPE XL will run without change under MPE/iX, and you can continue to use MPE XL system documentation. You may encounter references to MPE V, an HP 3000 operating system that is not based on the PA-RISC architecture. MPE V software can be run on the PA-RISC (Series 900) HP 3000 computers in what is known as compatibility mode (CM). What's New in this Edition [REV BEG] TurboIMAGE/XL version C.07.04 or later includes the following enhancements: Jumbo Data Sets By using the JUMBO option of $CONTROL, data sets can be greater than 4 GBytes. B-Tree Indices Provides the capability for wildcard and range searches. A new chapter 11 was added on this topic. Dynamic Roll-Back of Multiple Database Transactions This enhancement is an extension of the dynamic roll-back (DBX) feature to include multiple databases. Dynamic Master Data Set Expansion Dynamic master data set expansion allows a master data set to be expanded dynamically (up to a new maximum capacity specified in the root file) during DBPUT when the data set space is exhausted. To facilitate the dynamic master data set expansion enhancement, DBSCHEMA, DBUTIL, and some of the TurboIMAGE/XL intrinsics are enhanced. Support for TurboSTORE/iX 7x24 True-Online Backup in DBRECOV TurboSTORE/iX 7x24 True-Online Backup can be used to backup the database even when open if the option ONLINE=START or ONLINE=END is used. DBRECOV will recover such a database using logfiles. Native-mode Utilities DBUTIL and DBSCHEMA are now native-mode utility programs. New Modes for DBINFO and DBFIND DBINFO, DBFIND, and DBCONTROL have additonal modes for handling B-Tree index files and master data set expansion. New DBUTIL Commands and Options These new DBUTIL commands are added: DETACH, REDO, DO, LISTREDO, ADDINDEX, DROPINDEX, and REBUILDINDEX. A new INDEXED option is added for the SHOW command. Enhanced Database Integrity The DBPUT and DBUPDATE intrinsics check the integrity of neighboring entries to detect possible data corruption before inserting into a chain. Scalability TurboIMAGE/XL is enhanced to increase the concurrency of modification intrinsics, DBPUT, DBDELETE, and DBUPDATE (Critical Item Update feature ON). [REV END] How to Use This Manual The information in this manual is presented in the order you will use the various TurboIMAGE/XL modules. A text discussion of the overall purpose of a module and definitions of terms used to describe the module precede the reference specifications. Each chapter assumes a knowledge of the material presented in preceding chapters. Chapter 1 Introduces the TurboIMAGE/XL Database Management System. Chapter 2 Describes database concepts useful for new users of the TurboIMAGE/XL database structure. Chapter 3 Discusses design implementations and includes a schema listing for the sample database used throughout the book. Chapter 4 Provides a discussion on using the database. It is useful for both new and existing TurboIMAGE/XL users. Chapter 5 Contains the TurboIMAGE/XL procedures with syntax and examples. Chapter 6 Provides executable sample programs in C, COBOL II, and RPG; provides sample routines in Pascal and FORTRAN 77. Chapter 7 Discusses database recovery and logging options. Chapter 8 Contains the TurboIMAGE/XL utilities with syntax and examples. Chapter 9 Provides information about accessing a database residing on another MPE/iX or MPE V system. Use this chapter if your system has Network Services (NS3000 or NS3000/XL) capability. Chapter 10 Presents the internal structure of TurboIMAGE/XL elements and the methods used to perform certain functions. You do not need to understand all the material in this chapter to use TurboIMAGE/XL, but refer to it as needed.[REV BEG] Chapter 11 Discusses the key points for the B-Tree index enhancement that is new with this edition. It addresses the changes in TurboIMAGE/XL utilities and intrinsics. It explains how to create and maintain B-Tree indices and perform searches with DBFIND.[REV END] Appendix A Contains a description of the error messages issued by the various TurboIMAGE/XL modules. Appendix B Provides additional information about sharing the database. Appendix C Contains a summary of important considerations for designing a database. Appendix D Contains information about the special locking (multiple RIN) capability. Appendix E Contains TurboIMAGE/XL log record formats to aid in interpreting log and user recovery files. Appendix F Contains MPE/iX log record formats to aid in interpreting log and user recovery files. Appendix G Provides a quick reference guide of recovery and logging processes. Appendix H Contains a detailed discussion of the differences between TurboIMAGE/V and TurboIMAGE/XL. Other Information Sources You may need to consult the following manuals: Migration Process Guide (30367-90007) MPE/iX Intrinsics Reference Manual (32650-90028) MPE/iX Commands Reference Manual (32650-90003) Native Language Programmer's Guide (32650-90022) NLS/3000 Reference Manual (32214-90001) Query/V Reference Manual (30000-90042) NS3000/XL User/Programmer Reference Manual (36920-90001) TurboIMAGE/XL Database Management System DBChange Plus User's Guide (36386-90001) TurboIMAGE/XL Database Management System DBChange Plus Technical Addendum for MPE/iX Release 4.0 (36386-90005) Volume Management Reference Manual (32650-90045) Training For current information on available training courses, see the HP Education Catalog. Conventions UPPERCASE In a syntax statement, commands and keywords are shown in uppercase characters. The characters must be entered in the order shown; however, you can enter the characters in either uppercase or lowercase. For example: COMMAND can be entered as any of the following: command Command COMMAND It cannot, however, be entered as: comm com_mand comamnd italics In a syntax statement or an example, a word in italics represents a parameter or argument that you must replace with the actual value. In the following example, you must replace filename with the name of the file: COMMAND filename punctuation In a syntax statement, punctuation characters (other than brackets, braces, vertical bars, and ellipses) must be entered exactly as shown. In the following example, the parentheses and colon must be entered: (filename):(filename) underlining Within an example that contains interactive dialog, user input and user responses to prompts are indicated by underlining. In the following example, yes is the user's response to the prompt: Do you want to continue? >> yes { } In a syntax statement, braces enclose required elements. When several elements are stacked within braces, you must select one. In the following example, you must select either ON or OFF: COMMAND { ON } { OFF} [ ] In a syntax statement, brackets enclose optional elements. In the following example, OPTION can be omitted: COMMAND filename [OPTION] When several elements are stacked within brackets, you can select one or none of the elements. In the following example, you can select OPTION or parameter or neither. The elements cannot be repeated. COMMAND filename [ OPTION ] [ parameter] Conventions (continued) [...] In a syntax statement, horizontal ellipses enclosed in brackets indicate that you can repeatedly select the element(s) that appear within the immediately preceding pair of brackets or braces. In the example below, you can select parameter zero or more times. Each instance of parameter must be preceded by a comma: [,parameter][...] In the example below, you only use the comma as a delimiter if parameter is repeated; no comma is used before the first occurrence of parameter: [parameter][,...] |...| In a syntax statement, horizontal ellipses enclosed in vertical bars indicate that you can select more than one element within the immediately preceding pair of brackets or braces. However, each particular element can only be selected once. In the following example, you must select A, AB, BA, or B. The elements cannot be repeated. { A} |...| { B} ... In an example, horizontal or vertical ellipses indicate where portions of an example have been omitted. _ In a syntax statement, the space symbol _ shows a required blank. In the following example, parameter and parameter must be separated with a blank: (parameter)_(parameter) The symbol indicates a key on the keyboard. For example, RETURN represents the carriage return key or Shift represents the shift key. CTRLcharacter CTRLcharacter indicates a control character. For example, CTRLY means that you press the control key and the Y key simultaneously.