HP 3000 Manuals HP 3000 Manuals
Set Part
The set part of the schema defines data sets. It indicates which data
items listed in the item part belong to which sets and links the master
data sets to the detail data sets by specifying key and search items. In
addition, it defines security at the set level and at the item level
within each data set.
Master Data Sets
The set part syntax and parameters for master data sets are provided
below.
Syntax[REV BEG]
{NAME:} set name, {M[ANUAL] } [/INDEXED]
{N: } {A[UTOMATIC]}
[(read class list/write class list)] [,device class];
[REV END]
{ENTRY:} item name [(path count)],
{E: }
:
item name;
[REV BEG]
{CAPACITY:}maximum capacity [(blocking factor)][,initial capacity];
{C: } [[,increment] ]
[REV END]
Parameters
set name is the data set name. It must be a valid TurboIMAGE/XL
data name as described earlier in "Data Sets" in chapter
2 and in the discussion of the DBUTIL >>CREATE command
in chapter 8. A maximum of 199 data sets, including
both masters and details, is allowed.
MANUAL (or M) denotes a manual master data set. Each entry within a
manual master must be created manually and can contain
one or more data items.
AUTOMATIC (or denotes an automatic master data set. Each data entry
A) within an automatic master is created automatically by
TurboIMAGE/XL and contains only one data item.[REV BEG]
/INDEXED denotes that a B-Tree index is desired for the master
data set key item.[REV END]
read class list is a group of user class numbers between 0 and 63,
inclusive, separated by commas. User class numbers are
described in chapter 2.
write class is a group of user class numbers between 0 and 63,
list inclusive, separated by commas. User class numbers are
described in chapter 2.
device class is the class name of the MPE/iX device on which the data
set resides. The device must be a member of the volume
set on which the database resides.
item name is the name of a data item defined in the item part.
path count is an integer between 0 and 16, inclusive, which is used
with the key item only. It indicates the number of
paths that will be established to various detail data
sets. Refer to chapter 2 for more information about
paths. A path count must be specified for one, and only
one, item in the master set. A zero path count can be
used with a manual master data item to indicate the key
item. A manual master defined in this way is not linked
to any detail data set. An automatic master has one
item that must have a path count greater than zero.
[REV BEG]
maximum is the maximum number of entries the data set can
capacity contain: that is, the data set's capacity. It must be
less than or equal to 231 -1 (2,147,483,647) and is
limited by the size of the entry as well as the maximum
size of an MPE/iX file, jumbo or non-jumbo.
For non-jumbo data sets, if the capacity expansion
parameter, initial capacity, is specified and is less
(not zero) than the maximum capacity, the data set is
enabled for dynamic expansion. Note that specifying
initial capacity for a jumbo data set will generate an
error. When enabled for dynamic expansion, the maximum
capacity is adjusted by TurboIMAGE/XL to represent an
even multiple of the blocking factor. Otherwise, it
remains unchanged.
[REV END]
blocking factor is the number of data set media records in one block.
If a value is not specified, it is calculated by
DBSCHEMA.[REV BEG]
initial is the initial capacity for the data set, that is, the
capacity number of entries for which space will be allocated and
initialized when the data set is created. This number
must be between 1 and 231 -1 inclusive but must be less
than or equal to the maximum capacity. Specifying
initial capacity for a jumbo data set will generate an
error. This parameter should be used to closely
approximate the current volume of data. If it is very
low, there can be frequent expansions leading to severe
disk fragmentation. If it is very high, DBPUT may take
a long time to complete which could impact other
database users. The initial capacity is adjusted to
represent an even multiple of the blocking factor.
Initial capacity is an optional parameter. If initial
capacity is not specified, or if initial capacity is
either zero or equal to the maximum capacity, then
dynamic capacity expansion is not enabled for the data
set, and maximum capacity is used for the data set file
creation.
increment is either the number of entries or the percentage of the
initial capacity by which the data set will be expanded
each time its initialized space is exhausted. If a
percentage is used, the percent sign (%) must follow the
incremental amount. This increment parameter can only
be used if the initial capacity parameter is also
specified. This number must be 1 to 32767 inclusive for
percent, or 1 to 231 -1 (2,147,483,647) inclusive for
number of entries. If it is very low, there can
be frequent expansions leading to severe disk
fragmentation. If it is very high, DBPUT may take a
long time to complete which could impact other database
users.
The number of entries defined, or the entries calculated
from the percent, cannot exceed the maximum entry count
minus the initial allocation. The increment is adjusted
to represent an even multiple of the blocking factor.
The increment is an optional parameter. If the
increment is not specified for the data set, or is zero,
but the initial capacity is greater than zero, then the
increment for each expansion is defaulted to ten percent
(10%) of the initial capacity for the data set. If the
initial capacity is equal to the maximum capacity, or
the initial capacity is zero, then this indicates the
data set cannot be expanded and increment is ignored.
[REV END]
Examples[REV BEG]
NAME: SUP-MASTER,MANUAL /INDEXED (13/12,18),DISC1;
ENTRY: SUPPLIER(1),
STREET-ADD,
CITY,
STATE,
ZIP;
CAPACITY: 2001,501,20%;
[REV END]
Description
The example also shows the data set SUP-MASTER which will reside on
Disc1. Assigning the device class where a data set will reside can
provide greater performance for the TurboIMAGE/XL database and can aid in
better use of system resources. An understanding of how to spread the
data sets over multiple disk devices can be obtained from your system
manager. Your system manager will be able to give you a listing of
logical devices and their corresponding device class names (each logical
device can have up to eight names).
To retrieve information on where each data set resides after specifying
device classes in the schema, you can use the MPE/iX command LISTF,3
(after the database is created). This command lists the device type,
logical device number, and the device class name for each data set in the
database. The DBUTIL >>SHOW command can also be used to display the
devices on which data sets reside.
[REV BEG]
The data set SUP-MASTER will have a B-Tree index created on the key item,
SUPPLIER. B-Tree DBFINDs can be done using SUPPLIER for SUP-MASTER. Also,
B-Tree DBFINDs will be allowed using all of its corresponding search
items in the detail sets. In the above example, SUPPLIER has only one
path. Hence, B-Tree DBFIND can be done using the related search item and
the detail data set. The presence of capacity expansion parameters
indicate that it is enabled for dynamic data set expansion.
The example also shows that the maximum capacity is 2001, the initial
capacity is 501, and the increment is 20%.
Another example is capacity defined as follows:
CAPACITY: 2001,501,25;
The maximum capacity is set at 2001, has an initial capacity of 501, and
will be automatically expanded by 25 when the initialized space is
exhausted.
To allow dynamic expansion for a master data set, specify the maximum
capacity and the initial capacity when defining the data set. If dynamic
expansion is not needed for the data set, the maximum capacity is the
only required parameter.
Verify that there is enough disk space for a data set to be expanded.
Performance may be impacted by the number of entries incremented when a
master data set is dynamically expanded. The number of disk extents used
for the data set file may also impact the performance of TurboIMAGE/XL.
NOTE For existing databases, use DBChange Plus or a third-party utility
to specify the expansion parameters.
[REV END]
Detail Data Sets
The set part syntax and parameters for detail data sets are provided
below. The maximum capacity, the initial capacity, and the incremental
amount are new parameters for the detail data set CAPACITY definition.
These parameters allow a detail data set to be expanded dynamically (up
to a new maximum capacity specified in the root file) during DBPUT when
the detail data set space is exhausted.
Syntax
{NAME:}set name, D[ETAIL] [(read class list/write class list)]
{N: }
[,device class];
{ENTRY:}item name [([!] master set name [(sort item name)])],
{E: }
:
item name [( master set name [(sort item name)])];
[REV BEG]
{CAPACITY:} maximum capacity [(blocking factor)][,initial capacity];
{C: } [[,increment] ]
[REV END]
Parameters
set name is the data set name. It must be a valid TurboIMAGE/XL
data name as defined in "Data Sets" in chapter 2 and in
the discussion of the DBUTIL >>CREATE command in chapter
8. A maximum of 199 data sets, including both masters
and details, is allowed.
DETAIL (or D) denotes a detail data set.
read class list is a group of user class numbers between 0 and 63,
inclusive, separated by commas. User class numbers are
described in chapter 2.
write class is a group of user class numbers between 0 and 63,
list inclusive, separated by commas. User class numbers are
described in chapter 2.
device class is the class name of the MPE/iX device on which the data
set resides. The device must be a member of the volume
set on which the database resides.
item name is the name of a data item defined in the item part.
Each item defined as a search item must be a simple
item. Up to 16 items can be search items. (Refer to
master set name for more information about search
items.)
! (exclamation denotes a primary path. Only one path in each detail
point) data set can be designated as a primary path. If no
path is designated as primary, the first unsorted path
is the primary path by default. If all of the paths are
sorted, the default primary path is the first sorted
path.
master set name is the name of a previously defined master data set.
When a master set name follows an item name, the data
item is a search item linking the detail set to the
named master. Up to 16 search items can be defined for
a detail data set. If no data items have a master name
following them, the detail is not related to any master.
In this case, the combined length of all data items in
the data set must equal or exceed two halfwords.
sort item name is the name of a detail data item of type U, K, or X
which is a part of the data set being defined. A sort
item defines a sorted path. Each entry added to a chain
of a sorted path will be linked logically in ascending
order of the sort item values. If sort item is omitted,
the path order is chronological; that is, new entries
are linked to the end of chains. For performance
reasons, sorted chains should be kept short. (Refer to
"Sort Items" in chapter 2.)[REV BEG]
maximum is the maximum number of entries allowed in a data set
capacity (data capacity). It must be less than or equal to 231
-1 (2,147,483,647) and is limited by the size of the
entry as well as the maximum size of a data set, jumbo
or non-jumbo. This number can differ from the number of
entries specified in the schema itself because the
capacity of each detail is adjusted to represent an even
multiple of the blocking factor. Selecting a very large
maximum capacity minimizes the chances that the set will
run out of space.
For non-jumbo data sets, if the capacity expansion
parameter, initial capacity, is specified and is less
(not zero) than the maximum capacity, the data set is
enabled for dynamic expansion. Note that specifying
initial capacity for a jumbo data set will generate an
error.[REV END]
blocking factor is the number of data set records in one block. If a
value is not specified, it is calculated by
DBSCHEMA.[REV BEG]
initial is the initial capacity for the data set, that is, the
capacity number of entries for which space will be allocated and
initialized when the data set is created. This number
must be between 1 and 231 -1 inclusive but must be less
than or equal to the maximum capacity. Specifying
initial capacity for a jumbo data set will generate an
error. This parameter should be used to closely
approximate the current volume of data. If it is very
low, there can be frequent expansions leading to severe
disk fragmentation. If it is very high, DBPUT may take
a long time to complete which could impact other
database users. The initial capacity is adjusted to
represent an even multiple of the blocking factor.
Initial capacity is an optional parameter. If initial
capacity is not specified, or if initial capacity is
either zero or equal to the maximum capacity, then
dynamic capacity expansion is not enabled for the data
set, and maximum capacity is used for the data set file
creation.
increment is either the number of entries or the percentage of the
initial capacity by which the data set will be expanded
each time its initialized space is exhausted. If a
percentage is used, the percent sign (%) must follow the
incremental amount. This increment parameter can only
be used if the initial capacity parameter is also
specified. This number must be 1 to 32767 inclusive for
percent, or 1 to 231 -1 (2,147,483,647) inclusive for
number of entries. If it is very low, there can
be frequent expansions leading to severe disk
fragmentation. If it is very high, DBPUT may take a
long time to complete which could impact other database
users.
The number of entries defined, or the entries calculated
from the percent, cannot exceed the maximum entry count
minus the initial allocation. The increment is adjusted
to represent an even multiple of the blocking factor.
The increment is an optional parameter. If the
increment is not specified for the data set, or is zero,
but the initial capacity is greater than zero, then the
increment for each expansion is defaulted to ten percent
(10%) of the initial capacity for the data set. If the
initial capacity is equal to the maximum capacity, or
the initial capacity is zero, then this indicates the
data set cannot be expanded and increment is ignored.
[REV END]
Example
NAME: SALES,DETAIL(11/14,18),DISC1;
ENTRY: ACCOUNT(CUSTOMER(PURCH-DATE)),
STOCK#(!PRODUCT),
QUANTITY,
PRICE,
TAX,
TOTAL,
PURCH-DATE (DATE-MASTER),
DELIV-DATE (DATE-MASTER);
CAPACITY: 1008,504,112;
Description
The example above shows the detail data set SALES which will reside on
Disc1. The maximum capacity is 1008, the initial capacity is 504, and
the increment is 112.
Another example is a detail data set defined as follows:
CAPACITY: 500000(10),10000,25%;
The maximum capacity is set at 500000 with a blocking factor of 10. It
has an initial capacity of 10000, but will be automatically expanded by
2500 when the initialized space is exhausted. Since the incremental
amount is defined as a percent, the percent is calculated as a constant
number based on the initial (or original) capacity (25% of 10000 is
2500.)
To allow dynamic expansion for a detail data set, specify the maximum
capacity and the initial capacity when defining the data set. If dynamic
expansion is not needed for the data set, the maximum capacity is the
only required parameter.
Verify that there is enough disk space for a data set to be expanded.
Performance may be impacted by the number of entries incremented when a
detail data set is dynamically expanded. The number of disk extents used
for the data set file may also impact the performance of TurboIMAGE/XL.
NOTE For existing databases, use DBChange Plus or a third-party utility
to specify the expansion parameters.
Master Key and Detail Search Items
The master key items and detail search items (also called critical items)
that define a path between two data sets must have identical type
designators and simple sub-item lengths when they are defined in the item
part. The sub-item lengths must be simple because the key and search
items cannot be compound items. Because the same data item name can
appear in more than one data set, you can use the same data item name and
definition for both the master key items and detail search items. For
example, the data item ACCOUNT is used as the key item in the CUSTOMER
master and as the search item in the SALES detail data sets. If you want
to make a distinction between the search items, they can be defined
separately. An example of this technique is found in the ORDERS
database. The key item DATE links the DATE-MASTER data set to the SALES
data set through two paths and two search items, PURCH-DATE and
DELIV-DATE. These three data items look like this in the item part:
DATE, X6;
DELIV-DATE, X6 (/14);
PURCH-DATE, X6 (11/14);
Each data item has type designator X and sub-item length 6. However, the
item names, read class lists, and write class lists differ. Figure 3-5
at the end of this chapter contains the listing printed by the Schema
Processor when the ORDERS database schema is processed. Refer to this
figure for examples of the schema parts.
Data Set Identifiers
Similar to data items, data sets can be referenced by name or number.
The data set number is determined by the set's position in the set part
of the schema. It is more flexible to use data set names in order to
maintain program file independence.